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【士兵突击行动——三多No.043】
2008/06/05 慢速VOA翻译与总结：

Brain Cancer Like Kennedy's Is Difficult to Treat (2/2)

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Some cancer experts believe that doctors are unlikely to operate on Senator Kennedy. They say the likely treatment is radiation and ~~chimotherapy~~ (chemotherapy). But chemical treatment for brain cancer is complex because of the protective blood-brain barrier. It stops some chemicals from entering the brain, including many ~~chimo~~ (chemo) drugs. Radiation treatments for brain cancer have improved a lot in recent years. New methods and equipment can permit extremely localized treatments that are less likely to damage healthy tissue. Research into brain cancer treatment also includes drug therapy. In two thousand five, a drug called temozolomide was shown to add a few months to the lives of brain cancer patients. And researchers are studying uses for the cancer drug Avastin. It is already used to treat breast, colon and lung cancer. It starves tumors by blocking blood flow to the growths. The United States has about ten thousand new cancerous gliomas a year. Half of the people die within fifteen months. Malignant gliomas are more aggressive in older people. Ted Kennedy is seventy-six years old. The senator competed Monday in the second half of a boat race in Massachusetts, finishing second in his five-boat division.

一些肿瘤专家认为，医生可能不会给参议员K做手术，而可能采用放疗和化疗。但是由于血脑屏障的保护作用，用化学疗法医治脑癌很复杂。血-脑屏障能阻止某些化学分子进入大脑，包括许多化学药物。用放射法治疗脑癌已在近年内有所提高。新的疗法和设备能够对局部进行精确治疗，从而减少对健康组织的伤害。脑癌治疗方法的研究包括药物治疗。在2005年，一种叫做替莫唑胺的药能够延长脑癌或者几个月的生命。研究人员在癌症药物阿瓦斯汀的使用上进行调查。它也用于乳房癌，结肠癌和肺癌。这种药物通过堵塞流向肿瘤的血液而吞噬肿瘤。美国每年大约新增1万名胶质瘤患者。一半的人在15个月内死亡。年龄大的人更容易得恶性胶质瘤。TK六十七岁。他在周一还参加了马萨诸塞州帆船比赛的下半段赛程，在五人一组的比赛中位列第二。

汗了……今天居然错了个生词……药品的词凭感觉听出来滴……竟然米错……

Temozolomide（替莫唑胺）
替莫唑胺是Schering-Plough公司生产的治疗脑胶质瘤和恶性黑色素瘤的抗癌新药。它是一类称之为咪唑四嗪新型物质的第一个化合物，这种口服细胞毒性烷化剂由于其毒性小、耐受性好而在胶质细胞瘤治疗中迈出重要的一步。其口服后可被完全吸收，生物利用度高，组织分布好，可透过血脑屏障，其主要的副作用为较度恶心、呕吐、乏力、便秘和较度的骨髓抑制，这些毒副作用均可恢复和用常规的方法加以控制。由于其毒副作用低，也就可以较长时间用药，提高了长期疗效，病人的身体和精神状态均得到明显改善，提高了病人的生活质量。常规化疗（BCNU、CCNU）耐药后用替莫唑胺仍然有效，而且这两类药物不仅无交叉耐药性且有协同增效作用。其延长此类病人的病情无进展存活时间比丙卡巴肼（procarbazine）标准治疗要长。因此，替莫唑胺是目前相对最好的治疗脑胶质瘤和恶性黑色素瘤的药物。

Avastn（阿瓦斯汀）
美国遗传技术研究公司开发和生产的抗癌新药"Avastin"是一种基因工程单克隆抗体药物，主要通过抑制能够刺激新血管形成的所谓"血管内皮生长因子"，使肿瘤组织无法获得所需的血液、氧和其他养分而最终"饿死"，以达到抗癌功效。FDA在2004.2.26批准该药。