离暑假结束还有短短十几天了，突然感叹时间如白驹过隙，了无痕迹。可是在时间飞逝的那些日子里，我们真的什么都没有得到吗？不需要回答，每个人的答案都千变万化，在这些备考的日子里的辛酸欢乐只有自己见证。时光中没有后悔，没有退后，有的是命运的跌宕起伏，有的是不断怒放的生命！ ~~

上期中热心沪友 daydayuptree 和 karlning 给节目提供了很多有益的意见和建议 ,popo 在这里向你们表示由衷的感谢 !~ 针对你们提出的建议 , 我对这期节目进行了细微的调整 , 换了英译汉的历年真题 , 用阅读真题代替并附上全文背景和翻译.根据各位的意愿和复习情况, 大约在 10 月到 11 月末会提供一些如 Times,The Economist 之类的文章给各位翻译 ( 但其答案也仅供参考 , 好的译文在你们手中哦 ), 希望这样能对各位的学习和翻译会有帮助 , 这期先试行 , 如果各位有什么意见和建议尽管说 ,popo 一定在节目中再酌情调整 , 谢谢 !!^_^

（★在进入学习之前，我想复习一下上一期，点这里）

【 考研英译汉难点总结之二 】 ( ㊣ 资料来自《 考研英语英译汉四步定位翻译法 》 )

英译汉中的动词（ 4 ）——★动词短语★

英语喜欢使用各种各样的短语，这一方面给文章增添了文采，另一方面给翻译带来了一定的麻烦。我们在考研英语复习中要特别注意好动词短语的翻译，尤其是被其他词分开的动词短语。

A ： Furthermore,it is obvious that the strength of a country ‘s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. （ 2000 年英译汉真题）

分析 ： bound up with 和 rests upon 都是常见的动词短语，前者译为“与…有密切关系”，后者译为“取决于，依赖于”。做题时，如果都不认识这两个词，我们唯一的办法就是先把动词词组拆开理解，联系上下文进行猜测，然后把自己的猜测放回原文中进行翻译，看是否市的翻译的通顺或者阻碍。

B: One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind ,feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. （ 2002 年英译汉真题）

分析 ： trace …… to …… 是一个动词短语，由于中间插入了名词 behavior ，可能你像 popo 一样在第一眼看到它时没发现是个短语，怎么办呢？ popo 是这样处理的：看看 trace ，知道它是“追踪，追溯（某物的历史或发展）”的意思，然后看看 to , 它常常表示“往，向”，试着整句翻译一下能行得通吗？可以的话就可以推断出这个短语大概意思是“（把…）追溯到，（把…）追踪到…”了。实际上这个短语的意思对了吗？聪明勤快的你快去查字典吧 ~

关于动词，我们就说到这里了，请各位 XDJM 注意 ：对动词的理解和翻译主要还看平时打得是否扎实。对常用动词我们要进一步加深了解，翻译时多动脑筋；对高难动词我们要调动各方面的资源，万一遇到不认识的动词也要沉着冷静，因为它们有特定的语言背景为我们的理解提供线索；对容易混淆的动词，我们要一方面打好基础，另一方面多运用逻辑分析，要知道错误的东西总是会露出破绽的；动词短语则要日积月累，平时积累越丰富，翻译时越生动。

接下来， popo 要和大家一起开始学习英译汉难点中最最最重要的从句。在新东方一些老师它们可是翻译征途上的四大金刚，一方面千方百计阻挠我们的前进，另一方面又为我们征服翻译开山劈路。

英译汉中的从句（ 1 ）——★主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句★

主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句在句中都相当于名词，所以也可叫做名词性从句，其引导词可能是有意义的词（如 what,how,whether … or ） , 也可能是无实际意义的连词 that, 有意义的词照字面翻译，无意义的连词 that 可在翻译时忽略不计。

AWhether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technologyor vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. （ 1994 年英译汉真题）

分析 ： whether … or … 在句中引导主语从句，翻译成“是……还是……”， which 引导宾语从句，直译成“哪一方”。

B Galileo’s greatest glory was that in1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. （ 1994 年英译汉真题，举例子举到烂的句子 ~ >_< ）

分析 ：句中有两个 that 引导的从句，第一个是表语从句，第二个是宾语从句。由于两个 that 都在从句中不做任何成分，没有任何含义，只起到引导从句的作用，而汉语又不需要从句引导词，所以这两个 that 都不需要翻译。

C Furthermore,it is obvious that the strength of a country ‘s economy is directly bound up withthe efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. （ 2000 年英译汉真题 , 这期的第一个例子就是也，大家忍耐偶的啰嗦 ~~ ）

分析 : 由于句中主语较长，使用了形式主语 it, 真正的主于是有两个由 that 引导的从句。根据上面的分析，这两个 that 也是可以不译的。

终于说到从句了，不知不觉， popo 喋喋不休的日子已经过半了哦，你对翻译的感觉如何了呢？是不是有点小喜欢呐？有了感觉就快快去找它“表白”吧！！！！！！

【 高高兴兴做作业，轻轻松松收沪元】

In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.

　　Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks.（1） But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.

　　The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such "captive" shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. （2） Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.

　　Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. （3） It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. "Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?" asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.

　　Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.

posted on 2007-08-12 23:22 Po^Po^ 阅读(678) 评论(3)  编辑  收藏 所属分类: 【穿越研英】冲击翻译，不得不恋 网摘收藏