【穿越研英】冲击翻译，不得不恋 ( 第二十一期 )

暑假要结束了 , 突然有种恐慌 , 看着暑假晃过去的日子 , 想想充满不定因素的未来 , 有点焦虑 , 有点忧心 . 可是回过头来想想难道不是每个人都会这样吗 ? 它和呼吸一样是我们必然经历的平常 , 这样想着把自己从疑惑的深渊中拉出 , 罗列出要去做的手边的事 , 一点点开始 , 用心做事 , 填补胡思乱想的空虚 .

另外 , 在进入正题之前 , 想谢谢大家对 popo 的朗读比赛的支持 , 因为决赛其他选手都使出浑身气力 , 强者如云 , 可能无法晋级了 , 但 popo 这一路来有你们的支持就是最大的财富 .^0^

（★在进入学习之前，我想复习一下上一期，点这里）

【 考研英译汉难点总结之二 】 ( ㊣ 资料来自《 考研英语英译汉四步定位翻译法 》 )

英译汉中的变化（ 2 ）——★用词上的变化★

例一 ： Interest in historical methods has arisen less throughexternal challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves .(1999 年英译汉真题 )

分析 ： less through …… more than …… 中的 through 和 from 都表示“因为”，这种用词上的变化在英语中是非常普遍的。它们的字面意思是“更少是通过……更多是来自……”，相当于汉语习惯表达法“与其说是因为……不如说是因为……”。注意 through 在此与 from 的意思完全一样，是英语中典型的变化表达，译文中使用两个“因为”正好体现了汉语喜欢重复的特点。

例二 ： The behavioral sciences have been slow to change because the explanatory itemsoften seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. (2002 年英译汉真题 )

分析 ： explanatory items 与 explanations 实际上是相同的意思，因为只有名词意思相同的时候才有可能用 other 来修饰，两个表达法都可译为“（对行为的）解释”。

此外，用词上的变化还体现在划线句子内的用词与其他句子（包括其他划线句子和非划线句子）的用法不一样，这实际上是给翻译提供的一个机会，如果划线句子中的表达法好译，则不用管其他表达法；如果碰上难译的表达法，可从其他句子里寻找线索。

例三 ： But that,Pearson point out , is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century. (2001 年英译汉真题 )

分析 ：句中名词 man-machine integration 有一定难度，如果知道这个表达法，则直接翻译成“人机—题化”或者“人机连接”，万一不知道，这段话前面还有一个更加简单，意思相同的表达法—— computer-human links , 我们可以充分利用。

例四 ： There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. (1999 年英译汉真题 )

分析 ： historical work 和 historical inquiry 都指文章中的 historical study （历史研究），如果把 historical work 译成“历史工作”，把 historical inquiry 译成“历史询问”。显然是无法得分的。

例五 ： If the small hot spots look as expected ,that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea,a refinement of the Big Bang call the inflationary universe theory . (1998 年英译汉真题 )

分析 ： the inflationary universe theory 宇宙膨胀学说。 inflationary 不应该理解成“通货膨胀的”，因为“通货”是经济学里面的名词，而这篇文章与经济无关，因此只能理解成“膨胀的”。

总之，变化表达是英语的一大特点，我们要了解它，掌握它并利用好它，这不仅对做翻译很重要，对写作文乃至整个英语学习都很重要。

【 高高兴兴做作业，轻轻松松收沪元】

以下是 2004 年的考研英语阅读文章， popo 想如果用真题文章来“恋”翻译，难度系数或者上下文背景都能满足，而且绝对有实战的感觉吧 ~ 别等了 , 快开做啦

Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. (1)This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.

　　 It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zo ë Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.

　 (2) 　 Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush's predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chr é tien and Koizumi). The world's three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).

　　 Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.

　　 The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. (3)Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.