【穿越研英】冲击翻译，不得不恋 ( 第二十三期，正在进行中 )

开学了， XDJM 们都进入忙碌的学习阶段了吧？经过一个假期的复习洗礼，不知道对于考研英语又有了多少的底儿？无论如何， popo 都希望这个节目能对各位的学习能有所帮助，屈指算来，离考试还有约 4 个月，还有很多的时间来改变英语的学习状况，所以 Take it easy! 把每一天走好了，未来的路就会平坦的多！

在上期节目中，popo很高兴地看到 在kevin008和逸鼠堂主的带领下，gratefulhele，feifei171482，yjfhlfd,黑叫天，bywn614，ricardowing2，galahadsw，bestou，临鱼一干朋友全都开始对自己的练习进行了记时。各位已经摩拳擦掌，进入考试状态，跃跃欲试了呢。这是个非常好的开始，popo也常用这个方法来看自己的备战情况。希望你们能继续坚持，其他朋友也能根据自己的情况学习他们的这种做法。

In all,every day is the new one. We have to write the chapters in our own book by ourselves!

 

（★在进入学习之前，我想复习一下上一期，点这里）

 

【 考研英译汉难点总结之二 】 ( ㊣ 资料来自《 考研英语英译汉四步定位翻译法 》 )

英译汉中省略 （ 3 ）——★修饰词的省略★

例一： But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.(1998 年英译汉真题 )

分析： the patterns and structures 直译为“形状和结构”，这是一个非常空洞的概念，如果不是对它的范围进行限制，势必使整个句子意思表达不清。英语里倒是有解决的办法，那就是使用定冠词 the ，究竟是什么东西的形状和结构，看前文就知道了。由于汉语里没有定冠词，非得把 the patterns and structures 补充成 the patterns and structures of cosmic clouds 才清楚，所以要翻译成“宇宙云的形状和结构”。

 

例二： It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. (1999 年英译汉真题 )

分析： 句中 sources 和 activity 都很抽象，根据整个文章的意思，英语实际上是在这两个前面省略了修饰语， sources=historical sources （文章前面出现过这个表达法）， activity=research activity , 英语可以省略那是英语的事，汉语里如果不清楚就必须补充。

 

Keep moving on ~~

 

英译汉中省略 （ 4 ）——★从句引导词的省略★

 

例一： It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans ,or with no consideration at all. (1997 年英译汉真题 )

分析： humans extend to other humans 显然是从句，可是前面没有从句引导词，出现这种情况一般是省略了 that （少数情况下也可以省略 who,which 或 when,why ） , 这个被省略的 that 引导其它从句到没有什么关系，如果是引导定语从句那就一定要注意，因为 that 在定语从句中一定充当句子成分，没有它句子是不完整的，像在这个从句里它就是作动词 extend 的宾语，翻译时一定要在理解的基础上进行省略或者补充。

 

例二： Some ,however ,are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconceptions of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority ,act to alter the growth patterns of different areas. (1996 年英译汉真题 )

分析： 它是一个多重复合句， some are …… 是主句， in which 引导定语从句修饰名词 growth , 其中 preconceptions 是定语从句的主语， of the form 是它的修饰语， scientific theory ought to take 是省略了从句引导词 that 的定语从句，修饰名词 form, act to …… 则是 in which 引导的定语从句的谓语部分。这个句子的结构难就难在定语从句里还套有一个定语从句，而这个定语从句还省略了从句引导词 that ，如果把这个从句引导词补上，这个句子的难度就会明显下降。由于被省略的 that 指代先行词 the form ， 在定语从句中作 take 的宾语，这里就出现了一个动词短语 take the form of …… ( 采取……形式）。整个句子可翻译成：然后，有些原因却是不同发展中不太合理的过程， 在这些不同的发展中，关于科学理论应该采取何种形式的先入之见，据权威人士们认为，起着改变不同领域发展模式的作用。

 

不要低估你的潜力，我们的步子和行动看起来可能微不足道， but they all add up!

 

【 高高兴兴做作业，轻轻松松收沪元】

以下是 2005 年的考研英语阅读文章， popo 想如果用真题文章来“恋”翻译，难度系数或者上下文背景都能满足，而且绝对有实战的感觉吧 ~ 别等了 , 快开做啦

 

American no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. （1） In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing : The Degradation of language and Music and why we should like, care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.

 

Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr.McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees gradual disappearance of “whom” ,for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English

 

But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing”, has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. （2） While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.

 

Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like care. （3） As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive-there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas .He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.

 

Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms-he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china”. A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.