【穿越研英】☆冲击翻译，不得不恋☆(第四十七期)
抱歉，让各位久等拉~~电脑最近在耍脾气：（
为了达到对每种句型的翻译得到足够了解，从今天起我们分类进行练习吧!
想要功夫深，铁杵磨成针！
改版前不得不说的废话：
针对08年研英翻译复习的本节目暂时告一段落了，但是并不代表此后的节目
与之前的脱了钩。改版后的“不得不恋”是对08年的补充和开拓，各位朋友
可以翻看去年的节目对比着练习，不一定要多多益善而是择优选用。
~~~定语从句 ~~~~
英语和汉语中的定语有很大的不同。汉语中定语只能前置,而英语中定语既可
前置也可后置。两者的不同,不仅表现在结构上,也表现在意义上。英语中的定语
从句有时从原因、结果、目的或条件等方面对中心词加以限定。因此,在对语法结
构、上下文逻辑关系深刻理解的前提下,为了更明确地表明这种逻辑关系,可以将定
语从句翻译成相应的状语从句。同时值得注意的是,定语从句与中心词之间常有分割
成分,而该分割成分中与定语从句紧挨着的名词,常常会被误认为定语从句的中心词
。因此,遇到这种结构,一定要根据上下文和常识进行判断。翻译定语从句时可采用
提前译、顺序译、分译或转译等多种方法。
请看例句：
1 As far as the third factor is concerned, the history of science
shows many instances in which the force of authority has operated
in such a manner as to build up an exceedingly powerful resistance
to further investigation; in some cases centuries elapsed before this
resistance was eventually broken down, as happened in cosmology,
for example.
分析要点：本句由两个分句构成,以分号连接。第一个分句的主干为"the history
of science shows many instances","in which"引导的定语从句修饰"
instances","such ...as ..."表结果,后接不定式；在第二个分句中,before
引出时间状语从句："before this resistance was eventually broken down"
;代词"as"在此是关系代词,引出定语从句："as happened in cosmology"。
resistance:抵抗(力)；阻力。cosmology:宇宙论,宇宙哲学。
译文： 至于第三个因素,科学史中有许多事例表明,权威的力量起到这样一种作用：
它给进一步的研究设置了一道极其牢固的障碍；在许多情况下,要花上几个世纪的时间
才能最终打破这道障碍。例如,在宇宙学中就发生过这样的事。
2 Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment
where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for
appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
分析要点： 根据上下文的逻辑关系可以看出,本句中suggest的词义不是propose,
而是bring an idea into the mind, 所以翻译为"…的看法是"。who引导的定语
从句修饰child,根据上下文的语义关系,翻译成条件句；where引导的定语从句修饰
environment,用合译法译出；which引导的从句修饰stimuli,用分译法进行翻译
。appropriate:适合的,相称的。
译文 ：行为主义者的看法是,如果一个儿童在有许多刺激因素的环境里长大,
而这些刺激因素能够开发其相应的反映能力,那么这个儿童将会有更好的智力发展。
【高高兴兴做作业，轻轻松松收沪元】
1 Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter，
we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our
subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison.
2 I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically
managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption
are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man
and full development of his potentialities - those of love and of
reason - are the aims of all social arrangements.