【穿越研英】☆冲击翻译,不得不恋☆(第五十二期)
节日连续过,刚过完三八节,今天又是二月二“龙抬头”(学好外国语,做好中国人哦--点击这里了解),
气温的回升让这两天的人们面带笑容,三三两两穿行在和煦的春风中。希望今天的你也有好心情!

改版前不得不说的废话:
针对08年研英翻译复习的本节目暂时告一段落了,但是并不代表此后的节目与之前的脱了钩。
改版后的“不得不恋”是对08年的补充和开拓,各位朋友可以翻看去年的节目对比着练习,
不一定要多多益善而是择优选用。
~~~定语从句 ~~~~
英语和汉语中的定语有很大的不同。汉语中定语只能前置,而英语中定语既可前置也可后置。两者的
不同,不仅表现在结构上,也表现在意义上。英语中的定语从句有时从原因、结果、目的或条件等方面对
中心词加以限定。因此,在对语法结构、上下文逻辑关系深刻理解的前提下,为了更明确地表明这种逻辑
关系,可以将定语从句翻译成相应的状语从句。同时值得注意的是,定语从句与中心词之间常有分割成分,
而该分割成分中与定语从句紧挨着的名词,常常会被误认为定语从句的中心词。因此,遇到这种结构,一定
要根据上下文和常识进行判断。翻译定语从句时可采用提前译、顺序译、分译或转译等多种方法。
点击温习上一期
定语从句翻译练习tips:
1选(先行词)
2 配(关系代词,which/who/that)
3 套(关系代词也就是连词放到从句的句首,看看它前面有没有介词))
点这里查看定语从句翻译难点详解
11The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise,
market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be
produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services
that they want most.
结构分析:这是一个有定语从句和宾语从句的复杂句。首先要抓住的核心句为The American economic
system is organized around a... economy,economy前面的定语在开始阅读时可以不看。在
economy后面是一个以in which引导的定语从句in which consumers largely determine,而
这个从句中又有一个宾语从句what shall be produced。在定语从句中又有一个by引导的分词
结构spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they
want most作状语,说明消费者是如何决定应生产何种产品,而这个方式状语中又有一个定语
从句that they want most。通过分析结构我们知道此句的所有意思都是围绕核心句的表语economy
展开的,因此在阅读中应分层次,逐层理解对这一核心词的陈述,分清主次,全面理解。
译文:-----------------(1)-------------------
12 But it is clear from countries where women have smoked longest, such as the
United Kingdom and the United States, that smoking causes the same diseases in
women as in men and the gap between their death rates is narrowing.
结构分析:it作形式主语,实际主语是有that 引导的从句。Longest 此处为副词的最高级,作状语,
修饰smoke,前面可以不用定冠词the。Where引导一个定语从句,修饰countries。narrow 此处作动词,
表缩小。
译文:但有一点清楚的,即从女性吸烟史最长的国家(如英国和美国)来看,吸烟能使女性患上和男性同样
的疾病,且两者的死亡率正在接近。
【高高兴兴做作业,轻轻松松收沪元】
-----------Please translate these sentences into Chinese.
1 The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise,
market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced
by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
2 The revolution(revolution 此处指工业革命。) soon spread to Western Europe and
the United States which , due mainly to the development of the northeastern iron
industry , became the world’s leading industrial nation by the late 1800s.