If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible; who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time; who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.It’s the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen; by people who waited three hours and four hours, many for the very first time in their lives, because they believed that this time must be different; that their voice could be that difference.

It’s the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, Democrat and Republican, black, white, Latino, Asian, Native American, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled – Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been a collection of Red States and Blue States: we are, and always will be, the United States of America.

It’s the answer that led those who have been told for so long by so many to be cynical, and fearful, and doubtful of what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day.

It’s been a long time coming, but tonight, because of what we did on this day, in this election, at this defining moment, change has come to America.

I just received a very gracious call from Senator McCain. He fought long and hard in this campaign, and he’s fought even longer and harder for the country he loves. He has endured sacrifices for America that most of us cannot begin to imagine, and we are better off for the service rendered by this brave and selfless leader. I congratulate him and Governor Palin for all they have achieved, and I look forward to working with them to renew this nation’s promise in the months ahead.

I want to thank my partner in this journey, a man who campaigned from his heart and spoke for the men and women he grew up with on the streets of Scranton and rode with on that train home to Delaware, the Vice President-elect of the United States, Joe Biden.

I would not be standing here tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last sixteen years, the rock of our family and the love of my life, our nation’s next First Lady, Michelle Obama. Sasha and Malia, I love you both so much, and you have earned the new puppy that’s coming with us to the White House. And while she’s no longer with us, I know my grandmother is watching, along with the family that made me who I am. I miss them tonight, and know that my debt to them is beyond measure.

To my campaign manager David Plouffe, my chief strategist David Axelrod, and the best campaign team ever assembled in the history of politics – you made this happen, and I am forever grateful for what you’ve sacrificed to get it done.

But above all, I will never forget who this victory truly belongs to – it belongs to you.

I was never the likeliest candidate for this office. We didn’t start with much money or many endorsements. Our campaign was not hatched in the halls of Washington – it began in the backyards of Des Moines and the living rooms of Concord and the front porches of Charleston.

It was built by working men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give five dollars and ten dollars and twenty dollars to this cause. It grew strength from the young people who rejected the myth of their generation’s apathy; who left their homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep; from the not-so-young people who braved the bitter cold and scorching heat to knock on the doors of perfect strangers; from the millions of Americans who volunteered, and organized, and proved that more than two centuries later, a government of the people, by the people and for the people has not perished from this Earth. This is your victory.

I know you didn’t do this just to win an election and I know you didn’t do it for me. You did it because you understand the enormity of the task that lies ahead. For even as we celebrate tonight, we know the challenges that tomorrow will bring are the greatest of our lifetime – two wars, a planet in peril, the worst financial crisis in a century. Even as we stand here tonight, we know there are brave Americans waking up in the deserts of Iraq and the mountains of Afghanistan to risk their lives for us. There are mothers and fathers who will lie awake after their children fall asleep and wonder how they’ll make the mortgage, or pay their doctor’s bills, or save enough for college. There is new energy to harness and new jobs to be created; new schools to build and threats to meet and alliances to repair.

The road ahead will be long. Our climb will be steep. We may not get there in one year or even one term, but America – I have never been more hopeful than I am tonight that we will get there. I promise you – we as a people will get there.

There will be setbacks and false starts. There are many who won’t agree with every decision or policy I make as President, and we know that government can’t solve every problem. But I will always be honest with you about the challenges we face. I will listen to you, especially when we disagree. And above all, I will ask you join in the work of remaking this nation the only way it’s been done in America for two-hundred and twenty-one years – block by block, brick by brick, calloused hand by calloused hand.

What began twenty-one months ago in the depths of winter must not end on this autumn night. This victory alone is not the change we seek – it is only the chance for us to make that change. And that cannot happen if we go back to the way things were. It cannot happen without you.

So let us summon a new spirit of patriotism; of service and responsibility where each of us resolves to pitch in and work harder and look after not only ourselves, but each other. Let us remember that if this financial crisis taught us anything, it’s that we cannot have a thriving Wall Street while Main Street suffers – in this country, we rise or fall as one nation; as one people.

Let us resist the temptation to fall back on the same partisanship and pettiness and immaturity that has poisoned our politics for so long. Let us remember that it was a man from this state who first carried the banner of the Republican Party to the White House – a party founded on the values of self-reliance, individual liberty, and national unity. Those are values we all share, and while the Democratic Party has won a great victory tonight, we do so with a measure of humility and determination to heal the divides that have held back our progress. As Lincoln said to a nation far more divided than ours, “We are not enemies, but friends…though passion may have strained it must not break our bonds of affection.” And to those Americans whose support I have yet to earn – I may not have won your vote, but I hear your voices, I need your help, and I will be your President too.

And to all those watching tonight from beyond our shores, from parliaments and palaces to those who are huddled around radios in the forgotten corners of our world – our stories are singular, but our destiny is shared, and a new dawn of American leadership is at hand. To those who would tear this world down – we will defeat you. To those who seek peace and security – we support you. And to all those who have wondered if America’s beacon still burns as bright – tonight we proved once more that the true strength of our nation comes not from our the might of our arms or the scale of our wealth, but from the enduring power of our ideals: democracy, liberty, opportunity, and unyielding hope.

For that is the true genius of America – that America can change. Our union can be perfected. And what we have already achieved gives us hope for what we can and must achieve tomorrow.

This election had many firsts and many stories that will be told for generations. But one that’s on my mind tonight is about a woman who cast her ballot in Atlanta. She’s a lot like the millions of others who stood in line to make their voice heard in this election except for one thing – Ann Nixon Cooper is 106 years old.

She was born just a generation past slavery; a time when there were no cars on the road or planes in the sky; when someone like her couldn’t vote for two reasons – because she was a woman and because of the color of her skin.

And tonight, I think about all that she’s seen throughout her century in America – the heartache and the hope; the struggle and the progress; the times we were told that we can’t, and the people who pressed on with that American creed: Yes we can.

At a time when women’s voices were silenced and their hopes dismissed, she lived to see them stand up and speak out and reach for the ballot. Yes we can.

When there was despair in the dust bowl and depression across the land, she saw a nation conquer fear itself with a New Deal, new jobs and a new sense of common purpose. Yes we can.

When the bombs fell on our harbor and tyranny threatened the world, she was there to witness a generation rise to greatness and a democracy was saved. Yes we can.

She was there for the buses in Montgomery, the hoses in Birmingham, a bridge in Selma, and a preacher from Atlanta who told a people that “We Shall Overcome.” Yes we can.

A man touched down on the moon, a wall came down in Berlin, a world was connected by our own science and imagination. And this year, in this election, she touched her finger to a screen, and cast her vote, because after 106 years in America, through the best of times and the darkest of hours, she knows how America can change. Yes we can.

America, we have come so far. We have seen so much. But there is so much more to do. So tonight, let us ask ourselves – if our children should live to see the next century; if my daughters should be so lucky to live as long as Ann Nixon Cooper, what change will they see? What progress will we have made?

This is our chance to answer that call. This is our moment. This is our time – to put our people back to work and open doors of opportunity for our kids; to restore prosperity and promote the cause of peace; to reclaim the American Dream and reaffirm that fundamental truth – that out of many, we are one; that while we breathe, we hope, and where we are met with cynicism, and doubt, and those who tell us that we can’t, we will respond with that timeless creed that sums up the spirit of a people:Yes We Can. Thank you, God bless you, and may God Bless the United States of America.

Section 1: Listening Test

Part A: Spot dictation

Americans have four primary avenues for making friends-- at work, at school, through a hobby or a common interest such as volunteer work and discussion group or through a family or mutual friend connection. In American culture, a job is more than the work that one performs between the hours of 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. Work becomes a major socializing influence. Many young mothers who sacrifice their jobs to care for small children remark on the loneliness of their new lifestyles because they have lost their forum for adult interaction. A great number of American employers recognize business social potential and use it to build a family atmosphere on the job so that employees will feel comfortable and secure in their work environment. Some employers arrange company get-togethers in their home or at a local restaurant. American companies have at least one major function annually, usually at Christmas time. Many corporations have annual summer picnics where employees and administrators alike dress in jeans and T-shirts to play games, such as baseball and volleyball.

Top American administrators often hold social gatherings in their own homes. Depending upon the size of the employer’s home and the number of his employees, these social gatherings may be picnics, pool parties, or formal banquets. If the company is large, an employer may hold what Americans call an open house. For an open house, the employer will invite his employees to come to his home anytime between 1 p.m and 6 p.m. on a certain day. Those invited usually stay for  one to two hours, chatting with the other guests and their host. People come and go as they please during the designated hours, and the host keeps refreshments, usually light snacks or hors d’oeuvres and beverages, available for all who come. For such social gatherings, it is considered poor practice to refuse the invitation unless you have an excellent reason.

1. I really cannot decide whether to dig up information from the Internet for our annual report over the weekend or go shopping with my friends. But maybe a break would do me good.

答案：B For me, taking a rest is better than surfing the Internet or shipping.

2. Rarely do new employees take such initiatives as Mr. Johnson does. Usually

they'll wait until they're familiar with their working environment.

答案：C Usually new employees will not take such initiatives as Mr Johnson does.

3. The subject of the conference is marketing and sales. And I was wondering if you could give us a talk, say, fifty minutes or so on cost-effective publicity.

答案：B Could you say something on the subject of cost-effective publicity.

4. If a family has a baby, it brings about special food and clothing needs. When that child grows up, he or she will more directly influence their parents' choice of daily commodities.

答案：A Children will directly or indirectly affect what their parents purchase.

5. Not all sugar-containing foods are bad. For example, an apple has its main calories come from sugar, but it's surrounded by fiber, so it digests slowly and keeps blood sugar under control.

答案：C Although it is sugar-containing, the apple is a kind of healthy fruits.

6. Had I known that we could buy exactly the same type of camera cheaper on the Internet, I would not have placed the order and paid for this one.答案：D The camera we bought is more expensive than I expected.

7. By far, the most serious economic problem is that of inflation, now being accelerated by the rise of unemployment, and threatened further by a possible wage explosion.

答案：A The problem of inflation could be worsened due to rising unemployment and wage explosion.

8. According to our economists, a tariff is a kind of tax imposed by the government on goods imported from abroad.

答案：D The tariff is a government tax on imported goods.

9. Due to our vigorous advertising campaign, the sales figure for our new product has reached 360,000 dollars this month, three times of our original promotion plan.

答案：D The sales figure of our new product had reached a record high.

10. Although the short report was well written and documented, it failed to convince the committee to vote against the proposed project.

答案：B The committee approved the proposed project.

A: Well, as an overseas student, I suppose you don't have a great deal of earning power, so inflation must have affected you to some extent.

B：Yes, it affects me in that my parents aren't able to afford to pay my tuition. So I've been forced into taking part of my study time to devote to earning as much as I can to help pay for that.

A:  You mean you've been taking part-time jobs? What kind of jobs are they?

B:  There are quite a number of par-time jobs available for overseas students here. There are the student cafeteria, university libraries, and of course, the summer course programs offered by the education centre. Presently, I've been working in the university book store, the second-hand book division.

A:  But that kind of cuts into your studies, I suppose.

B:  It does, to a certain extent. But I found that with the added pressure of having to earn money, I use my study time more effectively and get more done.

A:  So in that sense, it's kind of a good thing for you.

Q11: What is the woman doing now?

Q12: According to the conversation, which of the following is the major reason for the woman to work part-time while in the university?

Q13: Where is the woman working part-time now?

Q14: What will the woman do with the added pressure of having to earn money herself?

Questions 15 to 18 are based on the following talk.

If you want to improve your memory, be confident! That may sound a bit ridiculous, but that is what happened you learn to ride a bicycle or drive a car, isn’t it? At first, you did it awkwardly, but the more you practiced, the surer you were. The activity had changed from a set of awkward rules to nerve-ending responses. You had it on your finger tips. A while back I had each student in class learn the first and last names of everyone else, all in one fifty minute period. I had never done this before myself. And I was expected to perform when everyone else had finished. There I was encouraging everyone while I was getting sweaty hands and developing considerable anxiety.

What if the teacher failed? It was hard but I did manage with one or two mistakes. But after that session, it got easier and easier. Now I am absolutely sure I can do it with 120 students each semester. That is 240 bits of information. Not only that, but I am not at all worried, no sweaty palms. The less anxious I am, the better I perform. That is the point. Success makes you more confident and confidence makes it easier to succeed. So try it till you succeed. Then try a few more times just to convince yourself.

Question 15: Who is the speaker?

Question16: Why did the woman get sweaty hands when remembering names?

Question17: How many students does the woman probably teach each semester?

Question18: According to the woman, what makes her more confident?

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the following conversation.

---Good morning, Patricia. How are you these days?

---Fine, thanks, Bill. Glad to see you again. What news can you bring from your business trip to our headquarters in New York last week?

---Well, not bad ones. During my stay in New York last week, I met our company’s CEO Mr. Johnson. He wants us to put on a local conference sometime next month. I remember you made most of the arrangements for our last conference, and things went so smoothly. I thought I couldn’t do better than ask you for some tips.

---I’ll be glad to help. Is it a sales conference again?

---Yes, in a way. It’s mainly for agents from home and abroad, and we’re inviting a few of our influential customers. The objectives are mainly to introduce the products we’ll put in on the markets next season, to describe our services to customers and so on.

---And how many people are expected to attend this time? Last time, it was about 220.

---We’re counting on 300 this time. No more than 350.

---Then we can not use the seaside conference hall again. It has a capacity of only 250.

---That’s the trouble. I was thinking of the President Convention Center, which has a larger capacity. Besides, I haven’t worked out all those details yet. Then there are other things to arrange, like loudspeakers and visual aids. I’m going to make a checklist.

---Yes, I did that, too. I’ll be glad to give you a hand.

---That would be great, Patricia. I’d very much like to chance of using some of your experience. May I invite you to lunch today? And then we could have a bit of planning session about it all afterwards.

Question 19: What was the man doing last week?

Question 20: Who will be invited to attend a local conference next month?

Question 21: According to the woman, about how many people attended the last conference in the seaside conference hall?

Question 22: Which of the following will NOT be included in the man’s checklist for his planning of the conference?

If you are driving a car to work or to a seaside resort, safety is always the top priority. Here are some of the tips for driving safely.

First, drive carefully and slowly when pedestrians are about, particularly in crowded shopping streets. When you see a bus stop or near a parked mobile shop, Watch out for pedestrians coming from behind parked or stopped vehicles, or from other places where you might not be able to see them. Three out of four pedestrians killed or seriously injured in traffic accidents are either under the age of 15 or over 60. The young and the elderly may not judge speeds very well, and may step into the road when you do not expect them. Give them plenty of time to cross the road. Also, stop and wait patiently for the blind or disabled people.

Second, drive slowly near schools, and look out for children getting on or off school buses. Stop when signaled to do so by a school crossing patrol showing a stop-children sign. Be careful near a parked ice-cream van. Children are more interested in ice-cream than in traffic.

Finally, when coming to a zebra crossing, be ready to slow down or stop to let people cross. You must give way once they have stepped on to a crossing. Signal to other drivers that you mean to slow down or stop. Give yourself more time to slow down or stop on wet or icy roads. Remember, under no circumstances should you overtake other vehicles just before a zebra crossing.

Q23. What is the main idea of the talk?

Q24. Why are young and elderly people more likely to get killed or injured in traffic accidents?

Q25. According to the talk, for whom should a driver stop the car and wait patiently?

Q26. What should a driver do just before a zebra crossing?

And now with us on today’s program we have Lucy Draper. She is an expert on handwriting analysis and has published a number of books on the subject. Lucy, welcome.

Thank you very much.

It is well known that there are many different features of one’s handwriting. What are these features exactly?

Well, there is the slant of the writing, the pressure and spacing, the capital letters, the margins and the signature. They all play a part in handwriting analysis.

Perhaps we can begin by looking at the question of slant.

Okay. Well, basically there are three kinds of slant: right, left and upright, though sometimes you may come across a mixture. If your handwriting slants to the right, it shows a friendly and sociable disposition. You enjoy human contact and like to have people around you. However, if your handwriting definitely slants to the left, it shows an introspective nature, often shy and reserved. You are more interested in your own feelings than other people’s. If your handwriting is upright, it reveals very good self-control, and your head usually controls your heart.

What about size of handwriting? Does the size of one’s handwriting tell us something?

Yes. Well, basically very large handwriting belongs to the extroverts and socially-minded people. They enjoy attention and admiration. The small writer, on the other hand, is more concerned with things than people. Small writing is often found in the handwriting of many scientists and intellectual. They generally are not interested in an active social life. Medium handwriting shows a good balance between mind and emotion. Such writers are generally able to communicate and mix without being either reserved or over familiar.

So let’s put theory to practice. What would you say to this sample of handwriting?

Well, this more rounded, medium-sized handwriting shows a lively personality who enjoys companionship. She is talkative. See the small open As and Os, and has a friendly approach to people. But the wide space between the words indicates that she can keep her personal distance when necessary. Whose handwriting is this?

Well, to tell you the truth, that’s my wife’s handwriting.

27. What is the woman’s specialized field of research?

28. According to the woman, what does an upright slant in one’s handwriting reveal about the writer?

29. Who are more likely to be concerned with things rather than people?

30. What feature of handwriting makes the woman say that the man’s wife can keep her personal distance when necessary?

句子翻译

Sentence Translation
1. Our online courses are open to the public for immediately enrolment. They include everything our students need for study. Our students love the quality as well as the convenience.

2. In 1986, there were over 40 million computers in the world, while by 2006, that number climbed to about 800 million, a twenty-fold increase in two decades.

3. In an age of fast communication via telephone and computer, face-to-face meetings might seem like wasting our time and energy. However, they are still an important part of doing business.

4. There are ten clubs here representing foreign students on campus. Their main purpose is to get students from the same countries together, so we won’t get too homesick and can help each other.

5. Listening is what we do first and most. The average person spends 45% of his daily communication time in listening, with the rest 55% in writing, reading and speaking.

段落翻译

Passage Translation

Passage One

I am here tonight to wish your club a happy birthday. Now, I myself have reached that stage in life where I would like to have my birthdays remembered but not my age. I suppose I am what is called middle-aged, which is when you start eating what is good for you and not what you like. I am proud of your club because it is set up for our senior citizens. This is a place you can come to for peace and quiet, where you have tea and chat with people of your own age group.

Passage Two

Researchers have found that daily walking may improve sleep quality. They have also noticed that only those who exercise in the morning have the beneficial effects on sleep. Those who exercised in the evening actually had more trouble falling asleep. One possible explanation is that morning versus evening exercise may affect sleep quality. Morning exercise may get the body clock in good order, and evening exercise may upset it. However, more research is needed to confirm this theory.

In a slowing U.S economy, job opportunities are shaped by uncertainty. As president of a small college, I am keenly aware of the job market that awaits this year's graduates. The recent news that Bear Steams was nullifying a few hundred job offers to business school students fits a pattern of corporate downsizing that isn't lost on college campuses across the USA. But even with the darkening economic clouds, rays of good news await this year's graduates. Sure, companies are laying off workers, but many are also looking for new talent, especially at the entry level.

As more than a million entrants flood the job market, students should know that in a global marketplace, language skills will go a long way. So will flexibility. If a grad is ready to accept an entry-level job, give a little on job requirements and move if the company asks, chances are he'll land a job. So despite the rising job losses, a new graduate should embrace the market as the first challenge of a long career.

美国经济持续低迷，各种不确定因素决定着就业机会。作为一个不知名的学院院长，我深知诸位毕业生即将面临的就业市场情况。近有传闻称，贝尔斯登公司取消了原本给予数百名商务专业学生的就业机会，这的确符合如今美国公司针对毕业生裁员的大气候。但即便经济前景不容乐观，对今年的毕业生来说，还是一线希望的。因为各个公司裁员的同时也在增员，特别是在招收新的基层员工。

随着超过百万的毕业生涌入就业市场，毕业生应该应该牢记，在全球的就业市场中，只有善于交流并且随机应变，才能成功。如果你乐意从事公司基层工作，对公司的要求甚少并且服从公司安排，那么极有可能得到就业机会。因此，即使失业率不断攀升，刚毕业的同学应该把如何应对当前就业市场作为自己职业生涯挑战中的第一个挑战。

2008年9月中级口译考试翻译题及参考答案

据消息灵通人士透露，今年春节前，家乐福才与新大新发生“第一次亲密接触”，其中广州市政府无疑起了“红娘”的作用。短短几个月时间，双方“情投意合”。外界关心的是：家乐福到底看中新大新什么地方？

对此，新大新总经理何先生没有作出正面的回应，只是笼统地陈述在广州的百货业中新大新有自己独特的一面。据何先生透露，这次新大新出资持有新组建的公司35%的股份，家乐福占65%:“这是按照国家有关部门政策，即中方持股不得少于35%的规定厘定的”。

According to a well-informed source, Carrefour didn’t make its first close contact with Xindaxin Company (XDX)  until the dawn of this year’s Spring Festival, with Guangzhou municipal government, undoubtedly, serving as the “go-between”. After that, the two parties “had an affinity toward each other” in a few months. The concern of the general public is what made XDX so appealing to Carrefour.

Mr. He, general manager of XDX, did not answer the question directly. He highlighted XDX’s “uniqueness” in Guangzhou’s retailing industry but with no further details. He added that XDX will hold 35% of the new joint venture’s shares, while Carrefour the rest 65%, which conforms to the policies stipulated by state authorities concerned, i.e. Chinese party should hold no less than 35%  of the shares of a joint venture”.

SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (45 minutes)

Part A: Spot Dictation

Directions:
In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.

How did the Olympic Games start? In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong ________ (1). Originally the Festival was held in honour of .Zeus, the supreme god in Greek Mythology. Eventually the Olympian athletic festival had lost its ________ (2) and became an international event. No one knows exactly ________ (3) the Olympic Games go, but some scholars recorded date from 776 B.C.
According to some scholars, at first the only Olympic event was ________ (4), called a stadium and that was the only event until 724 B.C. After that, other ________ (5) were added and sixteen years later in ________ (6) the pentathlon was added and wrestling became part of the games. This pentathlon was a five-event match which ________ (7) running, wrestling, leaping, throwing the discus, and hurling the javelin.
The games were held ________ (8) and after an uninterrupted history of 1170 years, the games ________ (9) in A.D. 394, the Christian era, because of their pagan origin.
It was over ________ (10) before there was another such international athletics gathering. In 1896, the first of the modern ________ (11) opened in Athens, Greece.
Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries ________ (12). The host country provides vast facilities such as stadiums and ________ (13).Many more sports are represented, including the very celebrated event: ________ (14).
The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, ________ (15) on Mount Olympus by the sun's rays. The torch is carried by ________ (16) to the stadium. The Olympic flame symbolizes the ________ (17) of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until ________ (18). The well-known Olympic flag, however, is ________ (19): the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents ________ (20).

Part B: Listening Comprehension

1. Statements

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

1.(A) Diana is fond of outdoor activities.
(B) Diana is well-paid for her hard work.
(C) Diana dislikes her job because it is tough.
(D) Diana considers her income to be mediocre.
2.(A) I'm not sure if you are responsible.
(B) I'm not content with the result of the meeting.
(C) I know the delay is not your fault.
(D) I think the flame of that fire is too high.
3.(A) The refrigerator was repaired by an old man.
(B) The refrigerator will be fixed if it is under warranty.
(C) Mrs. Green had her refrigerator fixed for nothing.
(D) Mrs. Green would have had the refrigerator repaired if she had warranty.
4.(A) George always tells the truth.
(B) George lives too far to visit us.
(C) It is kind of George to assist me in the filling station.
(D) It is worthwhile to make friends with George.
5.(A) The company's budget must be reduced reasonably next year.
(B) The company's production cost is expected to rise next year.
(C) The company has to stabilize its production cost.
(D) The company is likely to go bankrupt because of its limited budget.
6.(A) Prompt delivery of the goods before Christmas is the most important.
(B) Top priority should be given to the competitive and reasonable price of the goods

(C) During Christmas, there will be a shopping craze for goods with good quality.
(D) Nothing is more important than the quality and price of the goods for Christmas.
7.(A) Let's continue the talk over dinner at 9 o'clock tonight.
(B) We have to work something out before 9 o'clock tomorrow.
(C) I propose a break until 9 o'clock tomorrow morning.
(D) I'm sure we'll all calm down before 9 o'clock tomorrow morning.
8.(A) Our products cannot compete on the international market because of their higher prices.
(B) Our products exhibit greater competitiveness even though they lack advanced technology.
(C) Advanced technology will increase our expense to compete on the international market.
(D) Advanced technology contributes to the excellence and competitiveness of our products.
9.(A) Mr Parkinson never gives free investment consultations.
(B) Don't consult Mr Parkinson if your problem is about finance or investment
(C) The advice Mr Parkinson offers is often of great importance to our investment.
(D) We should not invest in the company where Mr Parkinson is the CEO.
10.(A) Aging population is expected to double within decades.
(B) By 2020, 45% of the people in the country will be over sixty-five.
(C) Old people in this country can expect to live a longer life.
(D) In less than 20 years, 23 million more people will have to retire.

2. Talks and Conversations

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions ONLY ONCE. When you hear a question, read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write a letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Questions 11-14

11.(A) £400.
(B) £450.
(C) £500.
(D) £600.
12.(A) It is very near his working place.

(B) It is a rather crowded residential area.
(C) It is convenient for transportation and shopping.
(D) It is the only good position he has in mind.
13.(A) He has a big family.
(B) He has to work at home.
(C) His mother-in-law likes to have parties.
(D) His children are rather naughty.
14.(A) Its bedrooms are specious.
(B) Its rent is quite reasonable.
(C) It is located in a good position.
(D) It is well furnished.

Questions 15-18

15.(A) The orange juice can help treat indigestion.
(B) The orange in a supermarket is much cheaper.
(C) The orange is more nutritious than any other fruits.
(D) The orange is an essential part of a healthy diet
16.(A) Orange.
(B) Chocolate.
(C) Vanilla.
(D) Sugar.
17.(A) It can keep your immune system strong.
(B) It can assist in your effort to reduce weight.
(C) It can easily replace the nutrition of a daily meal.
(D) It can help control the rising blood sugar levels.
18.(A) The fruit sugar in oranges.
(B) The fibre in oranges.
(C) Vitamin C in oranges.
(D) Calcium in oranges.

Questions 19-22

19.(A) He is applying to a university in England.
(B) He is consulting a female professor.
(C) He is studying in a British university.
(D) He is helping the woman cook some food.
20.(A) It is awful.
(B) It is one of his favorite kinds.
(C) It is of a much greater variety.
(D) It is better than he expected.
21.(A) He is fond of English dishes.
(B) He is tired of puddings and pies.
(C) He enjoys English strawberry yogurt.
(D) He seldom has breakfast at home.
22.(A) Because it is properly cooked at home.
(B) Because it is a kind of Yorkshire pudding.
(C) Because he has never tasted it before.
(D) Because he has made it all by himself.

Questions 23-26

23.(A) We should pay more attention to our history class.
(B) We generally fail to remember anything that was said.
(C) Sharks are necessary in the training of active listeners.
(D) Good listening skills are essential in our life.
24.(A) They tolerate distractions.
(B) They often find themselves in hot water.
(C) They are generally lazy.
(D) They are critical to family life.
25.(A) By taking notes.
(B) By remembering what was said.
(C) By getting up to shut the door.
(D) By asking questions.
26.(A) Seas.
(B) Sharks.

(C) Sponges.
(D) Students.

Questions 27-30

27.(A) He writes comic stories.
(B) He draws pictures for comic books.
(C) He teaches painting in an art school.
(D) He compiles comic books with other writers.
28.
(A) Give his drawings a more graphic look.
(B) Add variations to his works.
(C) Employ a chunky brush style.
(D) Move along a linear way.
29.(A) They are very popular.
(B) They are of the same style.
(C) They are fairly eclectic.
(D) They are influenced by other artists.
30.(A) It is a new one with only 2 editors.
(B) It takes him on the permanent staff.
(C) It controls the final look of his works.
(D) It has a nurturing environment.

Part C: Listening and Translation

1. Sentence Translation

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 statements in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you hear each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

2. Passage Translation

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 paragraphs in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you hear each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.
(1)

(2)

SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS (45 minutes)

Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Questions 1-5

Last month, upon hearing that a neighbor had been burgled, my husband voiced a desire to beef up our home security. I was largely unresponsive. The previous owners of our house installed a burglar alarm system, but we never got it switched on, because, quoting Ed, I apparently care more about the $29 monthly fee than I do about our home security. In the end, I gave in.
The alarm company sent over a sales representative, a well-coiffed professional in a suit and heels. She recommended adding some infrared motion sensors. I was not wild about this. I like to keep things simple. My idea of home security is to hire cheap, disreputable painters who can be counted upon to paint the windows shut. "Besides, can't the motion sensors be set off by a pet?" I said.
Ed leaned in close to the sales rep. "We don't have any pets," he whispered. "We don't have a pet now'' I said." But we might someday." I knew this to be a lie. Ed is a dog person, and I'm a cat person. We cancel each other out.
I pointed out that every now and then, the neighbors' cat, Sprinkles, will sneak into the house when the back door is open. The alarm woman started talking about "pet resistance." This was a feature of the motion sensor whereby it was set to cover the room from the waist up only. "Though of course...," she hesitated, "the cat would have to stay on the ground at all times."
We got the sensors, and we got the system switched on. We never got a pet, each of us practicing his or her own particular brand of pet resistance, but we did, after many years of cost-based bickering, get a housecleaner. Every other month, Natalia can be seen making her way through the filth and cobwebs. I gave her the alarm code but promised to leave the alarm off the day she came.
Naturally, I forgot. Later that morning, my work phone rang. It was Natalia, yelling in harmony with the shrieking of the alarm. She couldn't find the code. On top of all this, my cell phone started ringing. This was the alarm company, responding to the alarm and calling me to get the secret password—which was different from the shutoff code—required for them to shut off the system and prevent the police from rushing over to arrest Natalia for breaking and entering.
Some weeks back, Ed and I had spent 15 minutes arguing over the secret password for the alarm. Ed is a fan of the complicated, hacker-proof, identity-theft-foiling password, the kind that involves alternating capital and lowercase letters with obscure foreign accent marks, whereas I'll use my name. I had no recollection of what we'd settled on. "Ummmm." The alarm, and Natalia, continued to go off. This went on for some time.
Meanwhile, Natalia had dug through her bag, found the piece of paper I'd given her with the shutoff code and quieted the screaming alarm. I don't know how effective these alarms are against burglars, but Sprinkles hasn't been seen on the property in weeks.

1.Why didn't the writer get the burglar alarm system switched on?

(A) Because she didn't like its design.
(B) Because the burglar alarm system had broken down.
(C) Because she considered monthly fee unnecessary.
(D) Because she thought their home security was not a problem.
2.The family didn't have a pet because _______.
(A) they didn't like pets
(B) they didn't like each other's favorite animal
(C) they took their neighbors' pet as their own.
(D) it cost a lot to have a pet.
3.According to the sales representative, the motion sensor _______.
(A) is pet resistant
(B) is set to cover the room floor
(C) could be set off by a pet if it was near
(D) could be set off by a pet if it jumped high enough
4.The word "bickering" in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _______.
(A) arguing
(B) considering
(C) persuading
(D) consulting
5.Ed preferred their password for the alarm to be _______.
(A) complicated
(B) interesting
(C) easy to remember
(D) his own name

Questions 6-10

An article published recently in the prestigious scientific journal Nature is shedding new light on an important, but hitherto little has been appreciated, aspect of human evolution. In this article, Professors Dennis Bramble and Daniel Lieberman suggest that the ability to run was a crucial factor in the development of our species. According to the two scientists, humans possess a number of anatomical features that make them surprisingly good runners. 'We are very confident that strong selection for running—which came at the expense of the historical ability to live in trees—was instrumental in the origin of the modern human body form,' says Bramble, a biology professor at the University of Utah.
Traditional thinking up to now has been that the distinctive, upright body form of modern humans has come about as a result of the ability to walk, and that running is simply a by-product of walking. Furthermore, humans have usually been regarded as poor runners compared to such animals as dogs, horses or antelopes. However, this is only true if we consider fast running, or sprinting, over short distances. Even an Olympic athlete can hardly run as fast as a horse can gallop, and can only keep up a top speed for fifteen seconds or so. Horses, antelopes and greyhounds, on the other hand, can run at top speed for several minutes, clearly outperforming us in this respect. But when it comes to long-distance running, humans do astonishingly well. They can maintain a steady pace for miles, and their overall speed compares favourably with that of horses or dogs.
Bramble and Lieberman examined twenty-six anatomical features found in humans. One of the most interesting of these is the nuchal ligament, a band of tissue that extends from a ridge on the base of the skull to the spine. When we run, it is this ligament that prevents our head from pitching back and forth or from side to side. Therefore, we are able to run with steady heads, held high. The nuchal ligament is not found in any other surviving primates, although the fossil record shows that Homo erectus, an early human species that walked upright, much as we do, also had one. Then there are our Achilles tendons at the backs of our legs, which connect our calf muscles to our heel bones—and which have nothing to do with walking. When we run, these tendons behave like springs, helping to propel us forward. Furthermore, we have low, wide shoulders, virtually disconnected from our skulls, another anatomical adaptation which allows us to run more efficiently. Add to this our light forearms, which swing out of phase with the movement of our legs to assist balance, and one begins to appreciate the point that Bramble and Lieberman are trying to make.
But what evolutionary advantage is gained from being good long-distance runners? One hypothesis is that this ability may have permitted early humans to obtain food more effectively. 'What these features and fossil facts appear to be telling us is that running evolved in order for our direct ancestors to compete with other carnivores for access to the protein needed to grow the big brains that we enjoy today,' says Lieberman.

6.The human ability to run ______.

(A) was only recently described in a scientific journal
(B) played an important part in human evolution
(C) is now regarded as more important than the ability to climb trees
(D) is surprising when we consider evolutionary trends
7.According to the passage, humans ______.
(A) are better runners than most other animals
(B) are not good at running short distances
(C) compare unfavorably with horses and dogs
(D) cannot run at top speed over long distances
8.It appears that the nuchal ligament _______.
(A) is found only in modern primates
(B) enables us to run with steady heads
(C) prevents the head from moving
(D) is a unique anatomical feature among all species
9.The passage suggests that _______.
(A) we do not need calf muscles in order to walk
(B) without shoulders we could not run very fast
(C) the movement of our forearms is out of phase
(D) our Achilles tendons are an adaptation for running
10.According to the passage, early humans _______.
(A) killed animals by exhausting them
(B) may have evolved big brains for running
(C) competed with other animals for food
(D) could probably run before they could walk

Questions 11-15

People value money desperately because they value one another desperately; thus the cause of panic in the stock-market plunge is not that people will lose their dollars but that they will lose their sense of community. For the past couple of weeks, the nation has watched itself roll toward ruin because people were losing their money in bales. If one were tasteless enough to ask a big loser what exactly he was losing, he would sputter, "What am I losing? My car! My beautiful home! My children's educations! My clothes! My dinner! My dollars!" They are all true. People have been mourning the passing of their money for all the things that money can do, and what money can do is impressive. Money can build cities, cure diseases, and win wars. The sudden acquisition of the stuff can toss our spirits into the air like a hat.
Money can do considerably more. It offers power, an almost unique form of power, not simply because it allows us to acquire and possess things but because it is we who determine its worth; we who say a ruby costs more than an apple; we who decide that a tennis court is more valuable than a book. Paradoxically, money creates a deep sense of powerlessness as well, since technically we cannot provide money for ourselves; someone or something else must do that for us—our employers or, until recently, our stocks. All that, money can do: and when such essential, familiar functions are snatched from one's life, small wonder that people may grow wild, frantic, and even murderous.
What money can do, however, is not the same as what money is. Let's return for a moment to the theory: people value money because they value one another. In other words, the usefulness of money is directly related to and established by continuous mutual need. People work for money to buy things that other people make or do, things that they cannot or will not make or do for themselves but that they deem necessary for some definition of self-improvement.
Abstractly, money is one of the ways, indeed a universally accepted way, by which we make connections. Cash is cold. So the connections may feel cold, but real blood flows through them. These connections constitute one of the central means by which societies cohere; by which they sustain and characterize themselves.
When the coin begins to wobble, as it has in the past weeks, a fear seizes the mind that is disorienting. The fear is not merely that of the loss of possessions but of self-possession, which in some sense is bought and sold from person to person in infinite daily bargains. To lose money is frightening. To lose touch with others is more frightening still. Losing touch may cause the panic of the times.

11.This passage mainly discusses _______.
(A) the functions of money
(B) the stock-market plunge
(C) a new theory of investment
(D) a cold characteristic of cash
12.According to the author, what can be a regular source of money provided for us?
(A) Possessions.
(B) Bargains.
(C) Stocks.
(D) Employers.
13.According to the passage, money can do all the following EXCEPT _______.

(A) build cities and cure diseases
(B) enhance relationships among people
(C) create a sense of powerlessness
(D) prove the morality of people
14.Under what circumstances are connections related to cash said to be cold in the passage?
(A) When they are not established for societies to cohere.
(B) When they are not compared to "real blood".
(C) When their functions are snatched from people's life.
(D) When their worth is hard to determine and not valued.
15.It can be learned from the passage that ______.
(A) people worry about the dollars they have more than the sense of community
(B) money can lubricate the social machine but it cannot prove the value of people
(C) in daily transactions one's self-possession is gained or lost
(D) losing money is more frightening than losing touch with others

Questions 16-20

At first glance, why anyone would want to save California condors is not entirely clear. Unlike the closely related Andean condors with their white neck fluff or king vultures with their brilliant black-and-white colour, California condors are not much to see. Their dull black colour—even when contrasted with white underwings—featherless head and neck, oversized feet and blunt talons are hardly signs of beauty or strength. Their appeal begins to become evident when they take flights. California condors can soar almost effortlessly for hours, often covering hundreds of miles a day—far more than other creatures of the air. Only occasionally do they need to flap their wings—to take off, change direction or find a band of warm air known as thermal to carry them higher.
When it was discovered that the condor population was becoming dangerously small, scientists and zookeepers sought to increase condor numbers quickly to preserve as much of the species' genetic diversity as possible. From studying wild condors, they already knew that if a pair lost an egg, the birds would often produce another. So the first and sometimes second eggs laid by each female in captivity were removed, artificially incubated, and the chicks raised using hand-held puppets made to look like adult condors. Such techniques quickly proved effective.
Despite these successes, the effort to save California condors continues to have problems, evoke criticisms and generate controversy. Captive-hatched condors released to the wild have died at what to some people are alarmingly high rates. Others have had to be recaptured after they acted foolishly or became ill. As a result, the scientists, zookeepers and conservationists who are concerned about condors have bickered among themselves over the best ways to rear and release the birds.
Some of the odd behavior on the part of these re-released birds is hard to explain. At times they landed on people's houses and garages, walked across roads and airport runways, sauntered into park visitor centers and fast food restaurants, and took food offered by picnickers and fishermen. None are known to have died by doing so, though. Most recently, some of the first chicks hatched in the wild died after their parents fed them bottle caps, glass shards, pieces of plastic and other man-made objects that fatally perforated or blocked their intestines. These deaths may be due to the chicks' parents mistaking man-made objects for bone chips eaten for their calcium content.
Mike Wallace, a wildlife specialist at the San Diego Zoo, has suggested that some of the condors' problems represent natural behavior that helps them survive as carrion eaters. The real key to successful condor reintroduction, he believes, lies in properly socializing young condors as members of a group that follow and learn from older, preferably adult birds. That, he argues, was missing from earlier condor releases to the wild. Typically, condors hatched in the spring were released to the wild that autumn or winter, when they were still less than a year old. Now, condor chicks at several zoos are raised in cave-like nest boxes. The chicks can see older condors in a large flight pen outside their box but cannot interact with them until they are about five months old. Then the chicks are gradually released into the pen and the company of the social group. The group includes adult and older juvenile condors that act as mentors for younger ones.

16.According to the passage, the most impressive feature of the California condor is _______.
(A) its resemblance to Andean condor
(B) its ability to glide
(C) its colorful plumage
(D) its blunt talons
17.In the first stage of the conservation program _______.
(A) eggs were removed from the nests of wild condors
(B) female condors were captured and studied carefully
(C) scientists and zookeepers tried to create genetic diversity
(D) condors were induced to lay more than one egg
18.Which of the following is true about the attempts to save these birds from extinction?

(A) There is disagreement about the methods employed.
(B) The majority of condors released into the wild became ill.
(C) Attempts to breed condors in captivity have failed,
(D) Condors reintroduced into the wild are unable to hunt.
19.Some chicks hatched by re-released condors died because _______.
(A) they fell into pools of water
(B) they fell prey to other animals
(C) they had odd drinking habits
(D) they swallowed dangerous objects
20.According to Mike Wallace, there will be fewer problems _______.
(A) if young condors are taught not to eat so much carrion
(B) if the chicks are kept in cave-like nest boxes for five months
(C) if young condors can learn appropriate behavior from older birds
(D) if the chicks can have older birds for company when they hatch

Questions 21-25

We are not who we think we are.
The American self-image is suffused with the golden glow of opportunity. We think of the United States as a land of unlimited possibility, not so much a classless society but as a place where class is mutable—a place where brains, energy and ambition are what counts, not the circumstances of one's birth.
The Economic Mobility Project, an ambitious research initiative led by Pew Charitable Trusts, looked at the economic fortunes of a large group of families over time, comparing the income of parents in the late 1960s with the income of their children in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Here is the finding: "The 'rags to riches' story is much more common in Hollywood than on Main Street. Only 6 percent of children born to parents with family income at the very bottom move to the top.
That is right, just 6 percent of children born to parents who ranked in the bottom fifth of the study sample, in terms of income, were able to bootstrap their way into the top fifth. Meanwhile, an incredible 42 percent of children born into that lowest quintile are still stuck at the bottom, having been unable to climb a single rung of the income ladder.
It is noted that even in Britain—a nation we think of as burdened with a hidebound class system—children who are born poor have a better chance of moving up. When the three studies were released, most reporters focused on the finding that African-Americans born to middle-class or upper middle-class families are earning slightly less, in inflation-adjusted dollars, than did their parents.
One of the studies indicates, in fact, that most of the financial gains white families have made in the past three decades can be attributed to the entry of white women into the labor force. This is much less true for African-Americans.
The picture that emerges from all the quintiles, correlations and percentages is of a nation in which, overall, "the current generation of adults is better off than the previous one", as one of the studies notes.
The median income of the families in the sample group was $55,600 in the late 1960s; their children's median family income was measured at $71,900. However, this rising tide has not lifted all boats equally. The rich have seen far greater income gains than have the poor.
Even more troubling is that our notion of America as the land of opportunity gets little support from the data. Americans move fairly easily up and down the middle rungs of the ladder, but there is "stickiness at the ends" — four out of ten children who are born poor will remain poor, and four out often who are born rich will stay rich.

21.What did the Economic Mobility Project find in its research?
(A) Children from low-income families are unable to bootstrap their way to the top.
(B) Hollywood actors and actresses are upwardly mobile from rags to riches.
(C) The rags to riches story is more fiction than reality.
(D)The rags to riches story is only true for a small minority of whites.
22.The word "quintile" (para.4) refers to _______ in the passage.
(A) the bottom fifth
(B) the study data
(C) the sample group
(D) the lowest family income
23.It can be inferred from the undertone of the writer that America, as a classless society, should _______.
(A) perfect its self-image as a land of opportunity
(B) have a higher level of upward mobility than Britain
(C) enable African-Americans to have exclusive access to well-paid employment
(D) encourage the current generation to work as hard as the previous generation
24.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

(A) The US is a land where brains, energy and ambition are what counts.
(B) Inequality persists between whites and blacks in financial gains.
(C) Middle-class families earn slightly less with inflation considered.
(D) Children in lowest-income families manage to climb a single rung of the ladder.
25.What might be the best title for this passage?
(A) Social Upward Mobility.
(B) Incredible Income Gains.
(C) Inequality in Wealth.
(D) America Not Land of Opportunity.

Questions 26-30

I am always a little puzzled when I hear people complain about the difficulties of finding a good job. Young people in their 20s express dissatisfaction that all the good jobs have been taken by those in their 40s. People in their 40s, trapped in the middle groups of the workforce, complain about waiting for their elders to make room for them at the top. Older employees worry about being forced out of the job market prematurely by younger people willing to work at entry-level wages. It is not a pretty picture.
But I do not buy it. In my view, differences between generations are not a problem but an opportunity—if you remember to apply some basic principles of self-marketing. Most of us learned from Marketing 101 textbooks that there are four phases in the life cycle of a product or brand. The names may differ, but essentially the four phases are Introduction, Growth, Maturity and Decline. As a manager of high-profile athletes for more than 30 years, I know that these four phases certainly apply to the career and marketability of an athlete.
An athlete's introduction or start-up phase is when he or she starts competing, does well and captures the attention of people in the sport. Introduction turns into the growth phase when the athlete goes from being a promising performer to an established star. That's when everybody wants a piece of the athlete's time and he must stay focused on his primary talent and not get distracted by side issues.
For an athlete, the toughest thing about the mature phase may simply be recognizing that he or she is in it. If you're marketing a bar of soap it is easy to tell if the product is mature. It is there in the stagnant or shrinking sales figures. It is different with athletes. Not only do they think the growth phase will never end, but they often deny that there is any decrease in their athletic skills or marketability, no matter what the numbers say.
The decline phase for an athlete may sound harsh, but it doesn't have to be if he or she thinks of it as a reflective phase. In this phase an athlete can have tremendous future as a legendary figure who functions as an ambassador for his or her sport. If you substitute "employee" for "athlete" in these examples, these four phases apply to any individual's career.
I genuinely believe that whenever people face a career crisis, a big reason is because they are "out of phase." I have always been a tremendous advocate of recruiting older workers. With the massive downsizing of corporate America, there are tens of thousands of talented men and women over the age of 50 who feel shut out of the work-place. To me, these people are a gold mine—not because they are available but rather because they possess the qualities that employees in the introduction and growth phases lack, namely wisdom and experience. And since many of them received generous early-retirement packages, money is not their sole motivation. In other words, they are affordable.
If I were marketing myself in the mature phase, I'd focus on these qualities. Wisdom, experience and affordability make up a potent package. But you can not do that unless you first recognize and fully appreciate the phase you are in.

26.What can be concluded from the passage?
(A) Most young people cannot find a job if they don't study the four phase theory.
(B) Young people with good jobs have studied the four phase theory.
(C) Job seekers should fully understand the phase they are in.
(D) Older employees will be forced out of job market by the young.
27.Who are complaining about the difficulties of getting a good job at the top?
(A) Young people hopping from job to job.
(B) People in their forties.
(C) Older employees with the likelihood of early retirement.
(D) People not completing the four phases in their career cycle.
28.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the author?
(A) One generation's ambition will sooner or later become a reality.
(B) Finding a good job mainly depends on one's age.
(C) Differences between generations are more an opportunity than a problem.
(D) The marketability of a product can be compared with that of an athlete.
29.According to the author, in which of the four phases can an athlete have a tremendous appeal?
(A) Introduction phase.
(B) Growth phase.

(C) Mature phase.
(D) Decline phase.
30.The author thinks highly of older employees because _______.
(A) they are good at marketing themselves
(B) they are obedient and can be easily controlled
(C) they possess better qualities in the growth phase
(D) they have more wisdom, experience and affordability

SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST (1) (30 minutes)

Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

 “We were always optimistic when we were young. We thought that every year, things would get better,” says Mrs Brende. But now: “The bubble has burst. I think my generation will be the last to see a great America.” Her husband agrees. Standards are falling in schools, he frets. Young people are finding it harder to get ahead. “We’ve all been so greedy for so long and it has caught up with us,” says Mrs Brende. She hopes that Mr Obama may be able to do something about the national malaise, but fears that “It’s too late. The slide is on.”

Americans have grown accustomed to extraordinary prosperity. Poor Americans today are more likely to have fridges, dishwashers and air-conditioning than average Americans were in 1971. Young voters have no memory of a serious recession, since the last one was in the early 1990s. Some do not even realise that cyclical downturns are normal. Only 18% of Americans think they are worse off than their parents were at the same age. But elections hinge on shorter-term concerns. Four-fifths of Americans say it is harder to maintain a middle-class lifestyle now than it was five years ago.

”TION 4: TRANSLATION TEST (2) (30 minutes)

Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
中国是当今世界上最大的发展中国家，发展经济，摆脱贫困，是中国政府和中国人民在相当长一段时期内的主要任务。20世纪70年代末以来，中国作为世界上发展最快的发展中国家，经济社会发展取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就，成功地开辟了中国特色社会主义道路，为世界的发展和繁荣作出了重大贡献。

中国政府正在以科学发展观为指导，加快发展现代能源产业，坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，把建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会放在工业化、现代化发展战略的突出位置，努力增强可持续发展能力，建设创新型国家，继续为世界经济发展和繁荣作出更大贡献。

8.在经济大国能源安全和气候变化领导人会议上的讲话

（2008年7月9日，日本北海道洞爷湖）

尊敬的福田首相，各位同事：

　　很高兴同各位同事相聚在风景秀丽的洞爷湖畔，就气候变化问题交换意见。

　　随着世界经济特别是各国工业化快速发展，全球能源、环境、气候变化问题日益突出，成为各国面临的共同挑战。去年在德国海利根达姆举行的八国集团同发展中国家领导人对话会议上，大家就气候变化问题坦诚深入交换意见。此后举行的联合国气候变化会议通过了“巴厘路线图”，树立了国际社会携手应对气候变化的重要里程碑。我们今天的会议，既是国际社会为共同应对气候变化作出的新努力，也是为推动落实“巴厘路线图”采取的重要行动。希望会议能促进沟通、凝聚共识，为气候变化国际合作注入新的动力。

　　气候变化问题，从根本上说是发展问题，应该在可持续发展框架内综合解决。气候变化国际合作，应该以处理好经济增长、社会发展、保护环境三者关系为出发点，以保障经济发展为核心，以增强可持续发展能力为目标，以节约能源、优化能源结构、加强生态保护为重点，以科技进步为支撑，不断提高国际社会减缓和适应气候变化的能力。

　　参加今天会议的各国发展阶段不同、科技水平不同、所处环境不同，应该本着共同但有区别的责任原则，为应对气候变化积极作出自己的努力，并力求有所作为。我们认为，要做好以下几点。

　　第一，要在履行《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》方面发挥示范作用。《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》确定了气候变化国际合作的框架、原则、目标，反映了各国经济发展水平、历史责任、人均排放的差异，规定了发达国家和发展中国家应该作出的努力。发达国家应该严格履行《京都议定书》确定的减排目标，并切实兑现向发展中国家提供资金和技术转让的承诺。发展中国家要在可持续发展框架内，积极采取减缓和适应气候变化的政策措施，为应对气候变化作出力所能及的贡献。

　　第二，要在推动国际谈判方面发挥积极作用。今明两年是落实“巴厘路线图”的关键年份。“巴厘路线图”为国际社会探讨2012年后气候变化国际制度安排指明了方向，确定了时间表。国际社会应该共同努力，推动气候变化国际谈判取得积极进展。在这一过程中，要坚持共同但有区别的责任原则，发达国家要明确作出继续率先减排的承诺；要平衡推进、按时完成双轨谈判，切实体现对减缓、适应、技术、资金四方面的同等重视；要坚持把《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》作为气候变化国际谈判和合作主渠道、其他倡议和机制作为有益补充的安排。我们应该表现政治意愿，显示灵活，为谈判成功作出积极贡献。

　　第三，要在开展务实合作方面发挥带头作用。资金和技术是应对气候变化合作的关键环节，也是现实薄弱环节。目前，气候变化国际合作资金缺口巨大。我们应该推动完善全球环境基金等现有资金机制，尽快落实适应基金下的活动，为发展中国家适应气候变化提供新的额外的资金支持。科技进步和创新是减缓温室气体排放、提高适应能力的有效途径，在应对气候变化的努力中发挥着先导性、基础性作用。国际社会应该积极探讨建立有效的技术转让和推广机制，实现技术共享，确保广大发展中国家买得起、用得上气候和环境友好型技术。我们各国相互有很强的互补性，完全可以在开展技术合作方面走在前列。

　　各位同事！

　　中国是遭受气候变化不利影响较为严重的国家之一。观察中国的排放问题，要注意以下3个因素：一是中国属于发展中国家，正处于工业化、现代化的过程中，城乡、区域、经济社会发展仍不平衡，人民生活水平还不高，中国目前的中心任务是发展经济、改善民生；二是中国人均排放较低，人均累积排放更低，而且排放总量里很大一部分是保证人民基本生活的生存排放；三是由于国际分工变化和制造业转移，中国承受着越来越大的国际转移排放压力。

　　中国政府一向本着对中国人民和各国人民负责的态度，高度重视气候变化问题。我们已经把建设生态文明确定为一项战略任务，强调要坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，努力形成节约能源资源和保护生态环境的产业结构、增长方式、消费模式。我们结合经济社会发展规划和可持续发展战略，制定了《中国应对气候变化国家方案》，成立了国家应对气候变化领导小组，颁布了一系列法律法规，并采取一系列措施应对气候变化。

　　我们把积极开展节能减排作为应对气候变化的切入点，采取了节约能源、优化能源结构、提高能源效率、开展植树造林等一系列措施，取得了显著成效。我们明确要求，到2010年单位国内生产总值能源消耗比2005年降低20%左右，主要污染物排放总量减少10%，森林覆盖率由2005年的18.2%提高到20%。我们实现这些目标的决心是坚定不移的。

　　为适应气候变化，中国不断增强在农业、自然生态系统、水资源等领域的适应气候变化能力，高度重视防灾减灾，努力减少灾害性天气和极端气候事件造成的损失。

　　各位同事！

　　中国将根据《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》的要求，坚持共同但有区别的责任原则，积极推动落实“巴厘路线图”谈判，为气候变化国际合作作出更大贡献。中国愿同国际社会一道，为推动世界实现和谐发展、清洁发展、可持续发展而不懈努力。

谢谢各位。

Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda,
Dear Colleagues,

It gives me great pleasure to get together with you at the picturesque lakeside of Toyako and exchange views with you on the issue of climate change.

With the fast growth of the world economy and industrialization in particular, global issues such as energy, the environment and climate change are becoming increasingly acute, posing a challenge to all countries. At the G8 Outreach Session held in Heiligendamm, Germany last year, we had a frank and in-depth exchange of views on climate change. Later, the United Nations Climate Change Conference adopted the Bali Road Map, which is an important milestone in the international endeavor to tackle climate change. Our meeting today represents both a fresh effort made by the international community to tackle climate change and an important move geared to translate the Bali Road Map into action. I hope the meeting will help facilitate exchanges and build consensus so as to inject new vitality into international cooperation on climate change.

Climate change is, in essence, an issue about development and should be addressed in a comprehensive way in the context of sustainable development. International cooperation on climate change should proceed from the need to achieve a sound balance among economic growth, social development and environmental protection. It should put economic growth at its core and take capacity building for sustainable development as its goal. It should focus on conserving energy, optimizing energy mix and strengthening eco-environmental protection, and make full use of technological advances. Cooperation in this way will constantly enhance the capacity of the international community to mitigate and adapt to climate change.

As countries represented at this meeting differ in terms of stage of development, level of scientific and technological development and national conditions, our endeavor to combat climate change should be guided by the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. We believe efforts should be made in the following areas:

First, play an exemplary role in fulfilling the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol. The UNFCCC and its Protocol have established the framework, principles and goals for international cooperation on climate change. They reflect the differences in the level of economic development, historical responsibilities and per capita emissions among countries and set out the efforts that developed and developing countries should make respectively. Developed countries should make earnest efforts to attain the goal of emission reduction defined in the Protocol and take concrete measures to honor their commitments of providing funding and technology transfer to developing countries. Developing countries should adopt policy measures for mitigation and adaptation and make whatever contribution as they can to the fight against climate change in the context of sustainable development.

Second, actively advance international negotiations. This year and the next are crucial to the effort in implementing the Bali Road Map. The Road Map charts the course and sets the timetable for international discussions on a post-2012 international climate change arrangement. The international community should work together to ensure progress in international negotiations on climate change. In this process, the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities should be observed. Developed countries should make explicit commitments to continue to take the lead in emissions reduction. The "dual-track" negotiations should be pushed forward in a balanced way and concluded on schedule, and equal attention should be given to the four aspects of mitigation, adaptation, technology and financing. The UNFCCC and its Kyoto Protocol should serve as the main channel for international negotiations and cooperation on climate change, with other initiatives and mechanisms as useful supplements. We should demonstrate the political will and show flexibility to ensure the success of the negotiations.

Third, take the lead in carrying out practical cooperation. Financing and technology are crucial but weak links in cooperation on climate change. There is now a huge funding gap in international cooperation on climate change. We should work to improve the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and other existing financing mechanisms and promptly implement the projects under the Adaptation Fund to provide new and additional financial support for developing countries as they endeavor to adapt to climate change. Scientific and technological progress and innovation, as an effective means to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and enhance adaptation capabilities, plays a pace-setting role and buttresses the efforts to tackle climate change. The international community should work to establish effective technology transfer and dissemination mechanisms and realize technology sharing to ensure that developing countries can get affordable technologies that are both climate-friendly and environment-friendly. Given the strong complementarities that our countries have, we are fully capable of taking the lead in carrying out technological cooperation in this regard.

Dear Colleagues,

China is among the countries rather seriously affected by the negative impact of climate change. When looking at China's emissions, it is necessary to take into account the following three factors. First, China is a developing country in the process of industrialization and modernization. It faces imbalances in terms of development between the urban and rural areas, among different regions, and between the economic sector and the social sector, and people's living standard is still not high. China's central task now is to develop the economy and make life better for the people. Second, China's per capita emission is relatively low, and is even lower if calculated in accumulative terms. A significant share of China's total emissions fall in the category of subsistence emissions necessary to meet people's basic needs. Third, as a result of changes in international division of labor and manufacturing relocation, China faces mounting pressure of international transferred emission.

The Chinese Government, with a responsible attitude towards the Chinese people and people of the whole world, takes climate change very seriously. We have made it a strategic task to build a conservation culture and we adhere to the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment. We are making efforts to ensure that our industrial structure, growth model and consumption pattern are energy and resource efficient and environment-friendly. We have, in line with our economic and social development plans and sustainable development strategy, formulated China's National Climate Change Program, set up the National Leading Group to Address Climate Change, promulgated a series of laws and regulations and adopted a host of measures to tackle climate change.

We started our efforts by saving energy and cutting emissions. We have taken a series of measures, including conserving energy, improving energy mix, raising energy efficiency and promoting afforestation, and have achieved noticeable results. We have set the clear targets that the year end energy intensity per unit of GDP of 2005 will be reduced by 20% by 2010, total discharge of major pollutants will be cut by 10% and forest coverage will increase to 20% from the 2005 figure of 18.2%. We are firmly committed to meeting these targets.

To adapt to climate change, China has made continued efforts to strengthen adaptation capacities in the fields of agriculture, natural and ecological systems and water resources. We place great importance on disaster prevention and reduction and minimizing the losses caused by disastrous weather conditions and extreme climate events.

Dear Colleagues,

China will, in accordance with the requirements of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, actively promote negotiations on the implementation of the Bali Road Map and make greater contribution to international cooperation on climate change. China is ready to work unremittingly with the rest of the international community to achieve harmonious, clean and sustainable development in the world.

Thank you!

在发展中五国领导人集体会晤时的讲话

（2008年7月8日，日本札幌）

中华人民共和国主席 胡锦涛

尊敬的卡尔德龙总统，

各位同事：

　　很高兴同大家再次见面。我愿同各位就我们共同关心的问题坦诚交换意见。

　　首先，我要代表中国政府和人民，衷心感谢各国政府和人民对中国抗击汶川特大地震灾害给予的大力支持和真诚帮助，衷心感谢各国人民对中国人民表达的同情和慰问。中国政府和人民有决心、有信心，在国际社会关心和支持下，战胜这场特大地震灾害，帮助灾区人民早日重建美好家园。

　　当今世界正处在大变革大调整之中。世界多极化不可逆转，经济全球化深入发展，科技革命加速推进，国与国相互依存日益紧密。共同分享发展机遇，共同应对各种挑战，推进人类和平与发展的崇高事业，事关各国人民的根本利益，也是各国人民的共同心愿。

　　发展中国家是维护世界和平、促进共同发展的重要力量。近年来，发展中国家整体力量上升、团结合作加强，在国际事务中的影响和作用日益增长。我们五国都是重要的发展中国家，人口占世界的42％，国内生产总值占世界的12％，派出的维和人员数量占目前联合国维和行动人员总数的16％。加强五国的协调合作，不仅有利于各自国家发展，也有利于加强南南合作、推动南北对话、推进人类和平与发展的崇高事业。