1)       汉语当中的“红”：红糖brown sugar 红茶black tea 红榜honour roll 红豆love pea
红运good luck 红利dividend(a part of a company's profit that is divided among the people with shares in the company)
a red battle血战 red tape官僚作风（official rules that seem unnecessary and prevent things from being done quickly and easily）red sky 彩霞
早霞不出门，晚霞行千里：red sky at night, shepherd’s delight
                                      red sky in the morning, shepherd’s warning

2)       皮肤白皙不宜译成she has a white skin.而宜译为she has a fair skin/complexion.( someone who is fair, or who has fair hair or skin, has hair or skin that is very light in colour)

3)       Become red-faced/turn red 脸红，不好意思，难为情
see red 大发脾气to become very angry
The maxim（a well-known phrase or saying, especially one that gives a rule for sensible behaviour） was that when a married couple saw red lawyers saw green.（在美国钞票是绿色的，所以绿色代表钱财或有经济实力的）
俗话说，夫妇吵得面红耳赤之时，便是律师招财进宝之日。
绿色还可以表示没有经验，知识浅薄green hand   greenhorn(someone who lacks experience of something)
a green old age表示幸福的晚年，精神矍铄的老年
汉语当中的绿仅有戴绿帽子之说 to be a cuckold(an insulting word for a man whose wife has been having sex with another man)

4)       红眼病green-eyed  红眼病（医学）pink eyes

5)       黄色 象征低级趣味，庸俗猥亵pornographic(色情的) filthy(淫秽的very dirty，showing or describing sexual acts in a very rude or offensive way)  vulgar(庸俗的，下流的remarks, jokes etc that are vulgar deal with sex in a very rude and offensive way) obscene(淫秽的，猥亵的)
英文中却用蓝色表示：blue jokes下流的玩笑  blue revolution性解放  blue films黄色电影  blue software黄色软件
汉语当中还有和英文当中的毫不相干的：黄道吉日（good luck），黄毛丫头（a silly little girl）
英文当中yellow还有胆小的意思（cowardly）you are yellow.

6)       蓝色：英汉当中的蓝色都可以指秋高气爽的天空色，给人以辽远，宁静的感觉。蓝色在英文当中的引申义比较多，可以指忧愁：in a blue mood, to have the blues, look blue, Holiday blue=winter holiday depression特指圣诞节来临，飞雪不停，人们被困在家里，感到孤寂；也指圣诞节来临前，因经济拮据而无力购买年货和礼物，显得寒碜而心情郁郁寡欢。
blue Monday 倒霉的周一

7)       白色white lie无害而善意的谎言，the white coffee牛奶咖啡

8)       黑色：代表死色black tidings(old use： news) 噩耗，不幸的消息 The Black Friday凶险不祥的日子（耶稣在复活节前的星期五受难）
黑色还代表着气愤和恼怒：black in the face脸色铁青  look black on sb怒目而视
黑色还代表着庄重，威严和尊贵  black suit黑色西装，black dress黑色礼服
汉语当中的黑往往与邪恶有关：黑心evil mind  黑手 evil backstage manipulator
黑幕inside story of a plot

颜色的翻译是多方面的，很难有定论，还许多总结多翻译，看如下例子:
Mr. Brown is a very white man. He was looking rather green the other day. He has been feeling blue lately. When I saw him he was in a brown study. I hope he’ll be in the pink again.
布朗先生是个非常忠忱可靠的人。那天他脸上颇有病容，近来他闷闷不乐，我看到他时他在沉思之中。希望他早日恢复健康。

9)       黄色在中国代表着帝王之色，在西方则变成紫色
黄---红---绿---青---蓝（等级从高到低）
六品官服为深绿色，七品为浅绿色，八品为深青色，九品为浅青色，我们所说的“青衫”就是九品官服

10)  颜色与政治   red army指的是恐怖组织
blue可以指美国南北战争时期的身着蓝色制服的北方联军
gray可以指身着灰色制服的南方士兵