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1. re: 灌水(Quotations from coolboy)
美妙的生物荧光分子与好奇的生物化学家 [饶毅]http://www.sciencenet.cn/blog/user_content.aspx?id=41568++++++++++++coolboy [... (coolboy)
2. re: 灌水(Quotations from coolboy)
我为自己的选择买单 (一) [王春艳]http://www.sciencenet.cn/blog/user_content.aspx?id=41414 ++++++++++++coolboy [200... (coolboy)
3. re: 灌水(Quotations from coolboy)
解决中国导师们误人子弟的唯一途径 [陈安]http://www.sciencenet.cn/blog/user_content.aspx?id=41426++++++++++++coolboy [20... (coolboy)
4. re: 灌水(Quotations from coolboy)
回乡路长 [孟津]http://www.sciencenet.cn/blog/user_content.aspx?id=41229++++++++++++coolboy [2008-10-3 21:4... (coolboy)
5. re: 灌水(Quotations from coolboy)
中国的科技获奖成果十有八九有水分 [王铮]http://www.sciencenet.cn/blog/user_content.aspx?id=41052++++++++++++coolboy [20... (coolboy)

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In USA, there are many examples that students get perfect scores in their college entrance exams and yet are declined by top universities.

Generally speaking, the college entrance exams only weight 1/3 (to less than 1/2) of the decision making whether students will be admitted by top universities. The rest are generally composed as follows:

The average grades of the entire high school study will weight additional 1/3. The high school grades often consist of large portions of essay writing, (science) report writing, experiments, group projects, etc. In other words, the high school curricula are not designed solely for the college entrance exams.

The rest 1/3 mainly consist of the extra curriculum activities such as sports, music and arts, or community service, or special talent in one particular field such as math, biology, etc.

The last two parts contain certain subjectivity (rather than objectivity), which makes them difficult to be implemented in some countries. In
USA
, transcripts from high schools AND recommendation letters from high school teachers carry the integrity and reputation of the high schools and teachers (and therefore can be trusted). Also, most students admitted by top universities will be interviewed by the personnel from the University admission office and/or the university alumni spread around the country. In other words, each and every freshman student admitted by top universities will generally be carefully examined and weighted from different aspects.

USA high school students are also very busy (they are often the busiest group in a family) except that, perhaps, they are busy in a different style. They usually do not hate their studies and school activities.

 

(2003.09.20)

posted on 2005-06-28 06:30 coolboy 阅读(1886) 评论(3)  编辑  收藏

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#1楼 [楼主]
2005-08-30 05:42 | coolboy

从录取官的角度揭开美国名牌大学录取的内幕
(新闻来源: 科技时空于 August 29, 2005 12:10:03)

年轻的张晨从哥伦比亚大学毕业并留校参加了二年哥大新生录取的工作。从一批批学生材料的审批到最早学生的拒绝和最后学生的录取。名牌大学的学校究竟是怎样处理上万名申请者,又怎样从万名申请者里大浪淘沙百里挑一选出自己想要的学生的?

张晨头脑清楚条理清晰,把大家关心的问题在第二届PEC讨论会上一一道来,为关心孩子升学的父母答惑解疑。(以下文章内容主要来自张晨的讲座。)

第一,亚裔孩子申请名牌大学真得越来越难了!

张晨给出的数据是2005年所有的常春藤大学录取比率全部下降,只是各校下降的幅度有所不同。过去的五年里,下降的趋势也基本如此。原因:这些年来,美国的高中毕业生的人数一直上升,而名牌大学录取的学生基本上保持不变。这个趋势会持续到2013年。

名牌大学确实把亚裔的学生集中到一起,让他们已经竞争了!获此殊荣,是因为名牌大学坚持把亚裔学生的录取比率(占全部录取学生)控制在5-10%。纵观美国170多个国家的移民,无数种族祖裔,获如此“优惠”“歧视”的只有亚裔。原因,唯有亚裔,

这个占美国人口总数不到4%的少数民族却在名牌大学里占高达10%!如果不控制,这个少数民族将很可能是名牌大学的大多数!世界上,能像亚裔一样关心教育,会考试,注重名牌大学的民族不多,而亚裔人口是世界人口的一半!

过去的几年里,不仅亚裔移民(主要是中国和印度的移民)的孩子开始大批量加入到美国大学的申请中。亚洲本土的孩子,尤其是中国大陆的高中生们也加入了申请者的行列,使得亚裔申请者的“pool”大增。这些优秀的又多才多艺的又有高分成绩的孩子互相竞争,争取为数不多的名牌大学入场券。难怪,好学生也会惨遭滑铁卢了!

第二,揭开大学录取的内幕

名牌大学跟一般的大学不一样。名牌大学是找“录取”的理由,而一般大学是找“拒绝”的理由。这中间的差别比天大。一般说来,名牌大学的录取过程是这样的:

1)当然先看高中成绩(年级排名,课程的选择等等)和标准考试成绩(SAT , SAT II, AP等等),一般85%-90%的申请者都会过线,也就是几乎上万人都合格。也就是说“入关”不难。

2)明星效应:最先被录取的是“明星名人”,如果篮球打得好,跳高跳得高,世界前列的,国家队里的,州内前几名的。比如老虎伍兹当年被斯坦福大学录取,据说他中学成绩并不出众。杰出的领导才能也会在这里被考虑。一位中国学生因为成功地组织了学校的废品回收活动加上他是学校的毕业生的第一名而被麻省理工(MIT)录取,而他的SAT并不到1500分。

3)学业突出:奥林匹克数学竞赛冠军,西屋科学奖得主,Spelling Bee最后的优胜者等等包括各式各类的不太有名科学比赛的前几名,比如有些学校举办Science Fair,要求学生提交创造性的实验,学生若能脱颖而出,均可以被加分提级优先录取。

4)如今的世界,人才辈出。经过了这两轮的录取,60-70%的学生已经幸福地接到了名校的录取通知。剩下的便是普通的好学生:他们入关没问题,但其他方面也没有太特殊的。。。这时候,能否被录取,就看老师们的推荐信和自己的大学作文了!也就是说,30-40%的名牌学生是由老师们的推荐信和大学作文(essay)决定命运的!

第三,名牌大学详细的录取过程

常春藤学校和其他名牌大学基本上有类似的操作步骤,除了哈佛大学和MIT除外。

哈佛大学录取委员会认真拜读任何一份申请材料,无论这个学生如何不及格。他们每年批阅上万份申请材料,每份材料花费30分钟以上。原因很简单:有钱!有钱就有时间和精力。这就是现实。

MIT也不同,做为技术先导的大本营,他们用计算机阅读申请材料,并打分。人,只用来检查计算机是否有误。

其他学校没有那么牛气,所以,他们人工劳动,分三步走:

第一步:第一批审查者的粗分。基本按上面的录取原则,把申请者分三类。一类是非常可能录取的。二类是有可能被录取的。三类是不太可能被录取的。

第二步:第二批审查者的细阅。最有可能被录取的申请材料直接送上录取委员会讨论去了。三类不太可能的录取者,如果第二批审查者也没有异议,就直接拒绝了(大约10-15%)。剩下的那部分有60%-70%全是可能的,被翻来覆去推敲琢磨。看老师们的推荐信,看高中成绩和标准考试成绩,看课外活动。如果看来看去,还决定不下来,那就进入第三步。

第三步:读申请者的大学作文,看学生的写作水平,语法词汇,看学生的个性,还看能不能从学生的作文中读出以下的素质:

激情、热情(passion),领导才能的素质(leadership),动力、上进心(determination),正直(integrity)

能表现出其中的一个方面就可以加分了。据说名牌大学最看重的就是这四种素质。他们趴在学生的申请材料上找啊找啊,就是找这样的人。而作文确实重要到了这种地步,如果其他方面不错但也不够突出的话,作文可能是决定你录取的一着棋。

第四,如果SAT考过了1500分(新题差不多:2200分),千万不要花时间重考第二次了。没人看2005年,3200位SAT满分的学生申请哈佛大学。结果呢?哈佛大学录取的学生中56% SAT在1500分以下。在名牌大学,尤其是像哈佛大学这样的学校,录取是并非是好学生,他们录取的是将要贡献社会,贡献世界的人。举例来说,一个白人女孩出生在一个富裕的家庭,富裕到她一辈子不工作也可以衣食无忧。这个女孩学习一般,因为她几乎把全部的课余时间用来做志愿工作了。另外,高中的暑假,她也没有去哈佛大学暑期班,哥伦比亚大学暑期班,宾州大学的暑期班学什么大学预科,她天天DunkinDonuts去打工,挣钱。挣了钱,也不是攒学费,而是捐给拉美州两个穷苦的孩子上学了。这个女孩在大学essay里写道:是的,我的父母有钱,但如果我从他们那里要了,捐出去,那是他们的慈善而不是我的。这三个暑假是我对社会的贡献。
她以1300多分的SAT被哈佛大学录取。
名牌大学之所以名牌,他们要的人不同。几乎无一例外,他们想要一个特殊的你。在短短的申请材料中,如果你能表达出你的不同,与千千万万的申请者不同了,祝贺你!记住,SAT 1500 与 1560 没什么区别,现在应该是2100分与2340的差别了。别费心了。在名牌大学的申请者中,有几千人跟你同样的分数,无论是1500还是1600。

第五,课外活动:最好与众不同,如果相同,最好讲出学生通过课外活动的成长如果800多中国学生同时申请某一所名牌大学,比如说,耶鲁。其中80位都是1560分的成绩,他们都是年级前5名,他们都是在图书馆医院做义工,他们还都弹钢琴,而且都弹了十几年。。。。。录取谁?
还有一位学生,每年参加不同的学习班不同的课外活动,列出来的是洋洋洒洒的一大篇。然而,一大篇却反映出两个问题:跟在人群里起哄的时间多,家长逼迫得比较多。
名牌大学录取的是成熟有个性的学生。
如果学生自己没有太多的上进心,也找不到自己的方向,家长还是耐心一点,不要拔苗助长的好。

总而言之,在竞争日益激烈的今天, 要想过五关斩六将进入名牌大学,还真需要下一番功夫呢!
  回复  引用    
2005-08-30 18:02 | Stargazer
How about the situation of graduate school? Is it also very hard for Chinese students to get admission? I also want to study overseas to gain some experience if possible, but it seems to be very difficult.
  回复  引用    
#3楼 [楼主]
2005-09-01 11:29 | coolboy
I am not very clear what is the detailed application procedure to a graduate school in general in USA. The general consensus I heard from others about Chinese students applying for American graduate schools is that it is getting more difficult. First, similar to the reason mentioned above about the Asian high school students, there are many more students applying now than before for the graduate schools and the resources are limited and actually decreasing. Second, many American professors now are also aware that some of the application materials from China such as recommendation letters or class rankings, etc. cannot be fully trusted (i.e., lack of honesty and integrity). Though bad behaviors probably only happened to a very small portion of Chinese applicants but it has a much greater negative impact. It is noted that making a decision to accept a graduate student is more subjective than a freshman undergraduate student. In the description by 张晨 shown above, he mentioned the importance of essay (作文) and how schools try very hard to find “passion, leadership, determination and integrity” from applicants’ essays. It is even more so in the case of graduate school application because graduate students are expected to do independent researches. Professors like to find someone with a great passion and determination to do research in science, say, in biology. I heard a few similar cases that an applicant described in his essay how his passion to biology was inspired accidentally by a special event when he was very young, then it was nurtured and developed as he was getting older from elementary school to high school, and strengthened and focused in his college study. He is determined to devote his life to the field of biology to ...... Finally, this university or your research group will make his dream of ...... come true if he is accepted to be a graduate student. Well, once accepted and settled, the student did work very hard but was only for the purpose of transferring to computer science major at an earliest possible time in order to find a quick, easy job to make money right away. Professors who felt betrayed by some Chinese students will spread the words of their lack of integrity, etc.

It is said that good transcripts of both undergraduate and graduate studies may help. It will also be helpful if you have already submitted or published some science paper(s) with your supervisor.


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

I think probably the worst situation is that people sometimes do not realize the seriousness or the importance of honesty and integrity in an academic world or in a society in general. Some discussions in the following link illustrate this point to certain extent.

http://www.lasg.ac.cn/cgi-bin/forum/topic.cgi?forum=12&topic=122

My writing above “USA high school education” was initially posted on the above link. I think the most interesting discussion in this link on the college education between China and USA is as follows:

下面引用由hxong在 2003/11/25 04:39am 发表的内容:
++++++++++
我本人现在身在一所美国大学就读硕士,至少到目前为止,没看出美国学生和过去我看到的校友有什么本质的区别。就发现总体而言,学风可以说是比中国国内的一般大学要强些。
++++++++++


下面引用由stream在 2003/11/25 07:07am 发表的内容:
++++++++++
从 hxong 兄的观点所体现的:“学风可以说是比中国国内的一般大学要强些”却不认为“有什么本质的区别”恰恰说明了中国和美国大学教育体制以及在此体制之下培育出学生的本质的区别。
++++++++++
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