Good morning, everyone!很高兴在我访美的第一站,有机会出席中美经贸合作论坛,与各位新老朋友一起,探讨新形势下加强和改善中美经贸合作的问题,共同推动两国企业合作。首先,我谨向论坛的成功举办表示热烈的祝贺,向与会各界人士致以诚挚的问候和良好的祝愿,对两国有关方面为此付出的努力表示衷心的感谢。I am very happy that in the first leg of my US visit, I have the opportunity to attend the China-US Economic and Trade Forum, meet new and old friends, and, together with them, discuss the question of strengthening and improving China-US economic and trade cooperation under the new situation and jointly promoting cooperation between the two countries' enterprises. First of all, I would like to express my warm congratulations on the successful opening of the forummy sincere regards and good wishes to personages from various circles, and my heartfelt thanks for the efforts of the two countries' relevant parties in this respect.国际金融危机的蔓延和深化,给中美两国经济造成重大冲击,也严重影响了中美经贸合作尤其是企业合作。据统计,今年17月份,中美贸易额同比下降了16.1%,美在华投资同比下降19.1%。尽快遏制和扭转这一下滑势头,实现中美经贸合作的可持续发展,是摆在我们面前的共同任务。在当前困难的形势下,要完成这一共同任务,首先也是最重要的,就是要提振合作信心。朋友们也许会问,面对困难局面,信心从何而来。我想告诉朋友们的是,虽然世界经济复苏的迹象还不明显,国际金融危机的长远影响也不可忽视,但中美经贸合作前途光明。The spread and deepening of the international financial crisis /have caused major impacts on the two countries' economies /and have also seriously affected China-US economic and trade cooperation,/ particular enterprises' cooperation. According to statistics, from January to July this year, China-US trade volume decreased by 16.1 per cent as compared to the same period of last year; US investment in China dropped by 19.1 per cent as compared to the same period of last year. Curbing and changing such a decline as soon as possible and bringing about sustainable development in China-US economic and trade cooperation are our common tasks. To accomplish such common tasks in the current difficult situation, the most important is to boost our confidence in cooperation. Our friends here may ask: In front of such a difficult situation, where does confidence come from? I would like to tell our friends that although the indications for world economic recovery are not prominent yet and the long-term impact of the international financial crisis is not to be overlooked, the prospect of China-US economic and trade cooperation is bright.一是中美经贸合作的大势不会改变。这里包括两个方面:一方面中美经济互补优势没有改变。中国是世界上最大的发展中国家,发展是中国的第一要务。改革开放30年来,中国经济年均增长9.8%,即使今年上半年也实现了7.1%的增长,全年有望实现8%左右的增长目标。中国正处在工业化、城镇化加速推进的过程中,有大量的投资需求,还有13亿人的消费市场。中国的发展、中国巨大的市场,为包括美国在内的各国经济复苏与发展提供不竭的商机与动力。美国是世界上最大的发达国家,国内生产总值占世界总量的18.3%,国民消费占世界消费品市场总额的43%,对外贸易额居世界首位,尤其是在科技、人才、管理、营销等方面具有明显优势。中美经济这种互补优势并没有因为国际金融危机的影响而改变。另一方面中美经贸合作基础良好。2008年双边贸易额达3337.4亿美元,已互为第二大贸易伙伴。在过去的5年间,美对华出口年均增长20%,去年中国从美国进口的大豆和棉花,分别占美出口总量的49%34%。美在华投资项目累计达5.7万多个,投资额超过610亿美元。今年17月份,中美签订技术引进合同888项,合同金额达32.6亿美元,同比增长41.3%,占中国技术引进合同总额的25.3%,在中国技术引进来源地中列第一位。虽然今年上半年中美贸易额同比下降,但降幅低于中国外贸总额降幅近7个百分点。这些数据足以说明,中美经贸关系已经形成合作共赢的基本格局,这一基本格局没有因为国际金融危机的影响而改变。First, the general trend of China-US economic and trade cooperation will not change. This includes two aspects: On the one hand, the complementary nature between China's and US economies has not changed. China is the largest developing country in the world. Development is a task of primary importance for China. In the last 30 years of reform and opening up, China's economy has grown by 9.8 per cent annually on the average. Even in the first half of this year, it registered a 7.1-per cent increase. It is hopeful of reaching an 8-per cent increase or so for the whole year. China is amid industrialization and urbanization acceleration process, which requires large amounts of investment. In addition to this, China has a consumption market of 1.3 billion people. China's development and huge market provide inexhaustible business opportunities and propelling force for various countries' economic recovery and development, including the United States'. The United States is the largest developed country in the world. Its GDP accounts for 18.3 per cent of the world's total. Its national consumption accounts for 43 per cent of the aggregate amount of the world's consumer products markets. Its foreign trade volume ranks first in the world. It enjoys even more notable advantages in science, technology, talented personnel, operation, and marketing. Such a complementary nature between China's and US economies has not changed because of the international financial crisis. On the other hand, China and the United States have a good foundation in economic and trade cooperation. In 2008, bilateral trade reached $333.74 billion and both became each other's second largest trade partners. In the last five years, US export to China has increased by 20 per cent. Last year China's imports of soybeans and cotton respectively accounted for 49 and 34 per cent of the US total export. There were a total of 57,000 US investment projects in China, with an aggregate investment of over $61 billion. From January to July this year, China and the United States signed 888 technology import contracts, with a total amount reaching $3.26 billion, an increase of 41.3 per cent over the same period of last year, accounting for 25.3 per cent of the total amount of China's technology import contracts, ranking first among places of origin for China's imports. China-US trade volume dropped in the first half of this year as compared to the same period of last year, but the rate of decrease was nearly 7 per cent lower than the rate of decrease in China's total foreign trade volume. These figures fully suggest that China-US trade relations have presented a basic pattern of cooperation and win-win. And this basic pattern has remained unchanged despite the impact of the international financial crisis.二是中美两国实施的刺激经济增长计划带来新的合作商机。为应对国际金融危机的冲击,保持国民经济平稳较快发展,中国政府实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策,推出了进一步扩大内需、促进经济增长的一揽子计划,包括大规模增加政府公共投资和实行结构性减税,制定和实施产业调整振兴规划,大力拓展国内消费市场尤其是农村市场,开展重点民生工程建设和铁路、电信、水利等基础设施建设,大幅度提高社会保障水平,着力改善低收入家庭生活。为摆脱经济危机困扰,美国政府也推出了自上世纪30年代以来力度最大的刺激经济复苏计划,涉及金融、房地产、税收、基础设施、汽车、环保、能源、科技、医保改革等众多领域。中美两国刺激经济增长计划的实施,给两国经贸合作带来了新的商机。在今天的论坛前,两国企业和有关方面又签署了41项投资和经济技术合作协议与合同,总额达123.8亿美元,涉及新能源及原材料、通信、电子、机械、旅游等领域。这再次说明双方合作的机会很多,只要善于危中觅机,是可以大有作为的。Second, the implementation of China's and US stimulus economic plans has brought about new business cooperation opportunities for both countries. To counter the impact of the international financial crisis and maintain steady and relatively fast national economic development, the Chinese Government has implemented a proactive financial policy and a moderately relaxed monetary policy and introduced a whole package of plans to further expand domestic demand and promote economic growth, including increasing government investments in public facilities, carrying out structural tax reductions, formulating and implementing industrial adjustment and invigoration programmes, vigorously expanding domestic markets, particularly rural markets, conducting key livelihood-related construction projects as well as railways, telecommunications, and water conservancy projects, enhancing the level of social security by a wide margin, and making efforts to improve the lives of low-income families. To recover from the economic crisis, the US Government has also introduced the strongest stimulus economic recovery plan since the 1930s, which involves the financial sector, real estate, taxation, infrastructural facilities, automobiles, environmental protection, energy, science, technology, and medical insurance reform. The implementation of China's and US stimulus economic plans has brought about new business opportunities for economic and trade cooperation between the two countries. At today's forum, enterprises and the relevant departments of the two countries have signed 41 investment and economic and technological cooperation agreements and contracts, with a total amount of $12.38 billion, involving new energy, raw materials, telecommunications, electronics, machinery, and tourism. This has once again proved that both sides have many opportunities for cooperation; as long as both sides are good at seeking opportunities, there is a lot they can do.三是中美两国经济结构调整战略将拓展新的合作领域。虽然中美两国经济发展阶段不同,但都面临艰巨的调整任务。要看到,即使没有国际金融危机也面临经济发展方式调整的压力,只是国际金融危机使调整任务变得更加迫切。据说美国公众普遍认为,过度依靠超前消费的增长方式是不可持续的。美国政府提出把应对金融危机与解决发展模式问题结合起来,以绿色技术作为促进经济增长、提高国际竞争力和创造就业的根本。同样,中国在努力保持经济平稳较快发展的同时,注重把解决当前困难与实现可持续发展结合起来,着力调整经济结构、促进产业升级,下大决心扩大国内需求特别是消费需求,促进经济发展方式转变。也就是说,中美两国经济结构调整,将使低碳经济、可再生能源和清洁能源、洁净煤和碳捕捉及封存、智能电网、建筑能效、新能源汽车等方面的合作,成为中美经贸合作尤其是经济技术合作与企业合作新的增长点。我们高兴地看到,前不久在华盛顿举行的首轮中美战略与经济对话,再次重申《中美能源环境十年合作框架文件》下的各项行动计划,拟就关于加强气候变化、能源和环境合作的谅解备忘录,进一步表达了双方在上述领域加强合作的愿望,预示着两国经贸合作前景更加广阔。Third, China and the United States will explore new spheres of cooperation in strategy for economic structural adjustments. Although China and the United States have different economic development stages, they are facing an arduous task of adjustments. We should understand that even if there were no international financial crisis, we are also facing the pressure of economic development mode adjustment, only the international financial crisis has made the task of adjustments even more urgent. As reported, the US public generally believes that a growth mode of hyper-consumption type is not sustainable. The US Government proposed dealing with the financial crisis in combination with resolving the development mode, and using green technology to promote economic growth, improve international competitiveness, and create job opportunities. For the same reason, China, while maintaining steady and relatively fast economic development, is making efforts to adjust the economic structure and promote industrial upgrades and is strongly determined to expand domestic demand, particularly consumption demand, and stimulate the transformation of the economic development mode. In other words, the two countries' economic structural adjustments will help turn cooperation in low-carbon economy, renewable energy, clean energy, clean coal, carbon capture and storage, smart electricity grids, energy efficiency buildings, and new energy automobiles into China-US economic and trade cooperation, particularly into new growth points in economic and technological cooperation as well as enterprises' cooperation. We are pleased to see that the first round of China-US strategic and economic dialogue held in Washington not long ago reiterated various action programmes under the China-US 10-Year Energy and Environment Cooperation Framework, drew up a memorandum of understanding on strengthening cooperation in climate change, energy, and environmental protection, and further expressed both sides' wish to strengthen cooperation it these fields. These indicate that both sides have broader prospects for economic and trade cooperation.女士们,先生们,朋友们:Ladies, Gentlemen, and Friends!经贸合作是中美关系的物质基础,也是两国关系持续充满活力的重要保障。要克服当前困难,把双方加强和改善经贸合作的愿望转化为现实,很重要的一条是要充分发挥企业在经贸合作中的主体作用。希望双方企业发挥各自优势,积极探索合作的新途径,通过开展联合研究、建设示范工程、共同开发技术、扩大相互投资等形式,共同开拓合作的新领域。希望两国政府及有关方面把企业合作作为加强和改善中美经贸合作的优先方向,积极为企业合作牵线搭桥,加强知识产权保护,努力改善政策和法制环境,推动双边贸易和投资便利化。在当前情况下,尤其要坚持自由贸易原则,防止各种形式的贸易保护主义。应充分发挥中美战略与经济对话以及商贸联委会等其他相关机制的作用,从中美经贸合作大局出发,及时妥善解决合作中出现的问题,为两国经贸合作尤其是企业合作创造良好的环境、提供更多的便利。我相信,经过中美两国企业和有关方面的共同努力,一定能够战胜眼前的困难,迎来中美经贸合作更加美好的明天。Economic and trade cooperation is the material foundation of China-US relations and is also an important guarantee for the two countries' relations to remain full of vitality. We should overcome the current difficulties and turn into reality both sides' wish to strengthen and improve economic and trade cooperation. An important point in this respect is to bring into full play the principal role of enterprises in economic and trade cooperation. We hope that both sides' enterprises will display their respective strong points, actively explore new ways for cooperation, and jointly widen new spheres of cooperation through conducting joint research, building pilot projects, developing technologies, and expanding mutual investments. We hope that the two countries' governments and relevant departments will use enterprises' cooperation as a priority direction in strengthening and improving China-US economic and trade cooperation, actively build bridges for enterprises' cooperation, strengthen intellectual property rights protection, make efforts to improve policy and legal system environments, and promote the facilitation of bilateral trade and investment. In the current situation, it is particularly necessary to uphold the principle of free trade so as to prevent all forms of trade protectionism. There is a need to bring into full play the role of China-US strategic and economic dialogue, the Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade, and other mechanisms. Proceeding from the overall situation of China-US economic and trade cooperation, there is a need to promptly and appropriately resolve problems in cooperation as well as create a good environment and provide more convenience for the two countries' economic and trade cooperation, particularly for cooperation between both sides' enterprises. I believe that with the joint efforts of both sides' enterprises and the relevant departments, we will be able to overcome the current difficulties and usher in a better tomorrow for China-US economic and trade cooperation.最后,祝中美经贸合作论坛取得成功!To conclude, I wish the China-US Economic and Trade Forum every success!
posted @ 2009-12-20 16:54 Cora编辑 收藏
来自李笑来博客:新托福词汇分类突破

001
Basic building materials include: timber, mud, stone, marble, brick, tile, steel, and cement concrete. Masonry walls are built with stones or bricks, cohered through the use of mortar, first composed of lime and sand. The profusion of aluminum and its anodized coatings provided cladding material that was lightweight and virtually maintenance free. Glass was known in prehistory and is celebrated for its contributions to Gothic architecture.
翻译:基本建筑材料包括:木材,泥土,石头,大理石,砖,瓦,钢铁,水泥混凝土。砌石墙用砂浆进行粘合的砖块和石块,它们起初是由沙子和石灰组成的。大量的铝和它的电镀层提供的覆层使得它重量轻而且免于维护。玻璃在史前被人们得知,但因哥特式的建筑而闻名于世

Word:
timber  n. 木材
(US lumber)
[U] wood prepared for use in building or carpentry (建筑或木工用的)木材, 木料: dressed timber, ie sawn, shaped and planed ready for use 刨好的木材 * [attrib 作定语] a `timber-merchant 木材商 * a `timber-yard, ie where timber is stored, bought and sold, etc 木材场.
 [U] trees suitable for this 用材林: standing (ie growing) timber 未伐的树木 * cut down/fell timber 伐木 * put a hundred acres of land under timber, ie plant it with trees 种植一百英亩用材林.
 [C] piece of wood, esp a beam, used in constructing a house or ship (造房屋或船用的)木料, (尤指)大梁: roof/floor timbers 房檩[地板龙骨].
> timber interj (used as a warning that a tree is about to fall after being cut 伐木工在树木将倒时示警的呼喊声).
timbered adj
1 (of buildings) built of wooden beams or with a framework of these (指建筑物)木造的, 木结构的.
2 (of land) planted with trees; wooded (指土地)生长着树木的, 有林木的.
# `timber-line n [sing] = tree-line (tree).
`timber-wolf n large grey wolf of N America (北美产的)大灰狼.

marble  n. 大理石
[U] type of hard limestone used, when cut and polished, for building and sculpture 大理石: a slab of unpolished marble 未经打磨的大理石板 * These steps are made of marble. 这些台阶是大理石的. * [attrib 作定语] a marble statue, tomb, etc 大理石的雕像﹑ 墓等.
 marbles [pl] collection of marble sculptures; works of art in marble 大理石雕刻品; 大理石艺术品.
 (a) [C] small ball of glass, clay, etc used by children in games (儿童玩的)玻璃弹球, 泥弹球. (b) marbles [pl] game played with these 弹球游戏: Let's have a game of marbles. 咱们玩儿弹球游戏吧.
 (idm 习语) lose one's marbles => lose.
> marble adj [attrib 作定语] (fig 比喻) like marble 像大理石的: marble (ie smooth and white) skin 大理石般光洁的皮肤 * a marble (ie cold and unfeeling) heart 铁石心肠.
marbled adj having a pattern of streaks in different colours, resembling marble 有大理石般色彩纹理的: a book with marbled covers 有大理石花纹封面的书.
marbling  n [U] (technique of producing a) marbled pattern on paper 纸上的大理石花纹图案(制作技术).

tile   n. 饰面砖,瓷砖
slab of baked clay or other material used in rows for covering roofs, walls, floors, etc (盖屋顶﹑ 贴墙﹑ 铺地等用的)瓦, 瓷砖, 板, 片: covered the wall in cork tiles 用软木板贴墙 * insulated the ceiling with expanded polystyrene tiles 用多孔聚苯乙烯板使天花板保温 * carpet tiles, ie carpet sold in small squares for laying in rows 小方地毯. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vii.
 any of the small flat pieces used in certain board games (某些用棋盘进行之游戏的)棋子.
 (idm 习语) on the `tiles (sl 俚) enjoying oneself away from home in a wild or drunken way 在外狂欢或纵酒作乐.
> tile n [Tn] cover (a surface) with tiles 用瓦﹑ 瓷砖等覆盖(某物表面): a tiled bathroom 铺瓷砖的浴室.

cement concrete  n. 水泥混凝土
Key words: reinforced concrete、 concrete、 high performance concrete、 cement concrete、 pozzolanic effect、 mass concrete.
关键词:钢筋混凝土、混凝土、性能混凝土、高强混凝土、泥混凝土、生骨料混凝土、体积混凝土。


masonry wall  n. 砖墙,砖瓦墙
Brick masonry walls built with a technique known as reinforced grouted brick masonry performed excellently.
用新的施工技术砌筑的配筋灌浆砖墙表现良好。

cohere   v. 粘合
stick together in a mass or group 粘合; 凝聚. Cf 参看 cohesion 1.
 (of ideas, reasoning, etc) be connected logically; be con-sistent (指看法﹑ 推理等)逻辑上衔接, 前後一致, 连贯.
> coherent adj (of ideas, thoughts, speech, reasoning, etc) connected logically or consistent; easy to understand;
clear (指看法﹑ 思想﹑ 言语﹑ 推理等)有条理的, 前後一致的, 易懂的, 清楚的: a coherent analysis, argument, description, etc
前後一致的分析﹑ 论证﹑ 描述等 * The Government lacks a coherent economic policy. 政府的经济政策缺乏一致性. * He's not
very coherent on the telephone. 他打电话时语无伦次. coherence / -rəns; -rəns/ (also coherency) n [U] being coherent 连
贯性; 一致性. coherently adv: express one's ideas coherently 条理清楚地表明意见

mortar  n. 砂浆,灰浆,迫击炮

lime   n. 石灰,淡黄绿色

profusion  n. 大量(a profusion of: 大量的)
profuse   adj
 in large amounts; abundant 大量的; 丰富的: profuse blossoms, flowers, apologies, gratitude, thanks 大量的花朵﹑ 数不清的鲜花﹑ 再三的道歉﹑ 深深的感激﹑ 千谢万谢 * profuse bleeding, sweating, tears 血流如注﹑ 大汗淋漓﹑ 泪如泉涌.
 [pred 作表语] ~ in sth expressing or giving sth freely or generously; lavish with sth 对某事物一再表示或慷慨给予; 某事上滥施: profuse in one's apologies, thanks 一再表示歉意﹑ 谢意.
> profusely adv: bleed, sweat profusely 大出血﹑ 出大汗 * thank sb profusely 一再感谢某人.
profuseness n [U] state of being profuse 大量; 丰富: The profuseness of his thanks was embarrassing. 他再三表示感谢使人很不好意思.
profusion  n
1 [sing] ~ of sth abundant supply of sth 大量的某事物: a profusion of colour, patterns, flowers, good wishes 许多的颜色﹑ 花样﹑ 鲜花﹑ 美好祝愿.
2 (idm 习语) in profusion in large quantities or abundance 大量地; 丰富地: Roses were growing in profusion against the old wall. 紧挨着旧墙长着很多玫瑰花.

aluminum  n. 铝
anodized coating  n. 电镀层,电镀膜(anodize v.阳极氧化: 用电解方式给(金属面)镀上一层保护性或装饰性的氧化物)

cladding  n. 覆层:在高温高压下结合到另一金属上的金属外层
celebrated  adj. 著名的
Gothic  adj. 哥特式的
architecture n. 建筑, 建筑学

posted @ 2009-01-19 18:39 Cora编辑 收藏

【散文翻译】
狗(上) 老舍
中国狗恐怕是世界上最可怜最难看的狗。此处之“难看”并不指狗种而言,而是与“可怜”密切相关。无论狗的模样身材如何,只要喂养得好,它便会长得肥肥胖胖的,看着顺眼。中国人穷。人且吃不饱,都就更提不到了[1]。因此,中国狗最难看;不是因为它长得不体面,而是因为他骨瘦如柴,终年夹着尾巴[2]。
每逢我看见被遗弃的小野狗在街上寻找粪吃,我便要落泪。我并非是爱作伤感的人,动不动就要哭一鼻子[3]。我看见小狗的可怜,也就是感到人民的贫穷。民富而后猫狗肥[4]。
中国人动不动就说:我们地大物博。那也就是说,我们不用着急呀,我们有的是东西,永远都吃不完喝不尽哪!哼,请看看你们的狗吧!
The Dog---(part one)
Of all dogs in the world, those in China are perhaps the most pitiful and ugly-looking. But it is their wretched life rather than their breed that is to blame for their ugliness. All dogs, if well-fed, will be plump and nice-looking irrespective of their bodily form. In poverty-stricken China, people don’t even have enough to feed themselves, let alone dogs. Chinese dogs are ugly-looking not because they are born like that, but because they’ve been reduced to skin and bones by hunger, with tails between their legs all the year round. I
always feel like crying whenever I see a homeless little dog roaming about the street in search of human excrement. It doesn’t mean that I’m a sentimental, lachrymose sort. It’s because I associate the misery of the little dog with the poverty of our people. Our cats and dogs will never get nice fat unless our people are well-off.
We are apt to declare that ours is a big country with rich natural resources, meaning that there is no need for us to worry because we have plenty of everything to last us forever and ever. Well, why not take a look at our dogs!
还有:狗虽那么摸不着吃,那么随便就被人踢两脚,打两棍,可是它们还照旧的替人们服务。尽管它们饿成皮包着骨[5],尽管它们刚被主人踹了两脚,他们还是极忠诚的去尽看门守夜的责任。狗永远不嫌主人穷[6]。这样的动物理应得到人们的赞美[7],而忠诚、义气、安贫、勇敢,等等好字眼都该归之于狗。可是,我不晓得为什么中国人不分黑白的把汉奸与小人叫做走狗,倒仿佛狗是不忠诚不一起的动物。我为狗喊冤叫屈[8]!
猫才是好吃懒做,有肉即来,无食即去的东西。洋奴与小人理应被叫作“走猫”。
或者是因为狗的脾气好,不像猫那样傲慢,所以中国人不说“走猫”而说“走狗”?假若真是那样,我就又觉得人们未免有点“软的欺,硬的怕”了[9]!
不过,也许有一种狗,学名叫作“走狗”;那我还不大清楚。
The Dog---(part two)
Dogs always remain man’s faithful servants though they are under-fed and kicked and beaten without any reason. A dog continues to perform with loyal devotion the duty of guarding the door and keeping watch at night though he has been starved to a skeleton and kicked at by his master. He never minds how poor his master is. Such an animal deserves our high praise. We should attribute to them such laudatory epithets as “devotion”, “loyalty”, “content with poverty”, “courage”, etc. But I wonder why we have been undiscriminatingly calling traitors and villains “running dogs”, as if dogs were disloyal and unfaithful animals. I should voice grievances for them!
Cats, however, are greedy and lazy. They comes to you when you have meat to offer, but otherwise leave you, Flunkeys of imperialism and mean persons should have been called “running cats”.
Perhaps the reason why we prefer to say “running dogs” rather than “running cats” is that dogs are good-tempered while cats are supercilious. If so, I would think that people are perhaps inclined to bully the weak and fear the strong.
Maybe there is a kind of dog whose scientific name is “running dog”, I’m not quite sure.

注释;
[5]译文 starved to a skeleton和reduced to skin and bones by hunger同义。
[6]句可译为He never minds how poor his master is 或He never complains of his master being so poor.
[7]句可译为Such an animal deserves our high praise或 An animal like this ought to earn our high commendation。
[8]句可译为I should voice grievances for them 或I should cry out against such injustice on behalf of them。
[9]句可译为people are perhaps inclined to bully the weak and fear the strong.或people are perhaps prejudiced against the weak but in favour of the strong.

posted @ 2009-01-19 18:19 Cora编辑 收藏

Hank Paulson, US Treasury secretary, called on China on Tuesday to strengthen its currency amid deepening fears in Washington and beyond about the possible effects of a plunge in the value of the renminbi.

Speaking ahead of a trip to Beijing, Mr Paulson called on China to maintain its policy of encouraging the renminbi to appreciate.

Market expectations for the renminbi a year from now indicate it could weaken to Rmb7.30 against the dollar from its current level of Rmb6.8871. On Monday, the dollar rallied 0.7 per cent against the renminbi, rising from Rmb6.8346 – the biggest one-day appreciation for the dollar since the renminbi floated in 2005.

The shift led some analysts to conclude China was seeking to compensate for the global economic slowdown by devaluing.

Many economists have warned that competitive devaluations – particularly by big trading nations such as China and Japan – run the risk of making global slowdowns worse by reducing overall demand.

In a speech looking forward to this week's Strategic Economic Dialogue between China and the US – a forum much prized by Beijing – Mr Paulson called for China to take measures leading towards “sustainable, strong and balanced growth”.

He added: “This means relying more on domestic demand and less on exports to drive growth,” a shift he said would require “bold leadership and decisive structural reforms” to boost ordinary Chinese families' spending and improve China's allocation of capital.

“Continued reform of China's exchange rate policies is an integral part of this broader reform process,” he said. “China has appreciated the renminbi over 20 per cent against the dollar since 2005 – this is important and significant, but it is important that the reform process continue.”

译文:
■单击显示或隐藏内容■     

与货币金融学相联系的知识点。
1.人民币贬值原因 国际金融危机加深、全球经济衰退,使得作为全球最重要结算货币的美元“因祸得福”,成为避险资金的“避风港”。美元因市场需求旺盛而不断走俏,与此同时,包括人民币在内的其它货币自然要走弱。另通常情况下,货币贬值都与通货膨胀紧密相连,通货膨胀会带来货币的贬值,货币的贬值,意味着出现了通货膨胀。而货币贬值意味着购买能力的下降,实际消费水平的降低,会对社会稳定会产生不利影响
2.影响:纺织服装等出口企业受益;但大跌则不利于资金市场的稳定,存在资本流出的风险。所以,央行一定会将人民币汇率控制在适当范围。从心理上刺激消费需求;扩大就业;影响外商投资积极性。
3.央行控制汇率之央行作用。
4.对利率准备金的影响: 第一,可以将金融机构分散保管的准备金集中起来,防止存款人集中、大量挤提存款而导致银行支付能力的削弱,从而保证金融机构的资金清偿能力和整个金融体系的稳定;第二,用于调节和控制金融机构的信用创造能力和贷款规模,控制货币供应量;第三,增强央行的资金实力,确保整个国家的金融安全。
调整存款准备金率有其一定的局限性,其中包括央行确定存款准备金率调整的时机和幅度难度较大,同时商业银行也难于迅速调整准备金数额以符合提高的法定限额。如果存款准备金率上调过高,会使商业银行资金周转不灵。

posted @ 2008-12-03 20:12 Cora编辑 收藏

5、bell

bell=war战争

rebel           [re-相反,bel(l)战争,战斗;“反戈”,“反战”] 反叛,反抗

rebellion        [见上,-ion名词后缀] 反叛,反抗,叛乱

rebellious       [见上,-ious形容词后缀,…的] 反叛的,反抗的,叛乱的

bellicose       [bell战争,-icose复合后缀,由-ic+-ose而成,表示有…性的] 好战的,好斗的

bellicosity      [见上,-ity名词后缀,表性质] 好战性

bellicism       [见上,-ism名词后缀,表性质] 好战性,好战倾向

belligerent       [bell战争,-i-,ger=to wage,-ent形容词后缀,…的] 好战的,挑起战争的

belligerency     [见上,-ency名词后缀,表性质] 好战性

6、brev

brev=short

abbreviate      [ab-加强意义,brev短,-i-,-ate动词后缀,使…] 缩短,缩写,节略(读物等)

abbreviation    [见上,-ation名词后缀] 缩写,缩短,节略,缩写式,缩写词

abbreviator     [见上,-ator表示人] 缩写者,节略者

brevity         [brev短,-ity名词后缀] (陈述等的)简短,简洁;(生命等的)短暂,短促

breviary        [brev短,-i-,-ary名词后缀] 缩略,摘要

brief           [brief→brev短] 短暂的,简短的,简洁的,摘要,短文,概要

briefness       [见上,-ness名词后缀] 短暂,简短,简洁

breve          短音符号

7、ced

ced=go行走(ced也作ceed,cess)

precedent      [pre-先,前,ced行,-ent名词后缀,表示物,先行的事物,前例,先例;(-ent形容词后缀,…的)] 先行的,在前的

precedented    [见上,-ed形容词后缀,…的] 有先例的,有前例的

unprecedented  [un-无,见上] 无先例的,空前的

precede        [pre-先,前,ced行] 先行,领先,居先,优先

preceding      [见上,-ing形容词后缀,…的] 在前的,在先的

exceed         [ex-以外,超出,ceed行,“超越而行”] 超过,越过,胜过

excess         [ex-以外,超出,cess行,“超出限度以外”]超过,越过,过分,过度

excessive      [见上,ive形容词后缀,…的] 过分的,过度的,过多的

proceed         [pro-向前,ceed行] 前进,进行

procedure      [pro-向前,ced行,-ure名词后缀;“进行的过程”] 过程,步骤,手续

process         [pro-向前,cess行] 过程,进程,程序

procession       [见上,-ion名词后缀] 进行,行进的行列,队伍

antecedent      [ante-先,前,ced行,-ent形容词及名词后缀] 先行的,居先的;先例,前例,先行词

antecessoer    [ante-先,cess行,-or者] 先行者,先驱者

antecede       [ante-先,ced行] 居中…之先

successor      [suc-后面,cess行,-or者] 后行者,继任者,接班人,继承人

succession     [suc-后面,cess行,-ion名词后缀] 相继,接续,继承,继任

successive     [见上,-ive形容词后缀,…的] 相继的,连续的,连接的

recession       [re-反,回,cess行,-ion名词后缀;“回行”] 后退,退回,(经济)衰退

recede         [re-反,回,ced行;“往回走”] 后退,退却,引退,退缩

retrocede       [retro-向后,ced行] 后退,退却

retrocession     [retro-向后,cess行,-ion名词后缀] 后退,退却,引退

intercede        [inter-中间,…之中,ced行;“介入其中”] 居间调停,调解,代为说情,代为请求

intercession     [inter-中间,…之中,cess行,-ion名词后缀;“介入其中”] 居间调停,调解,说情

intercessor      [见上,-or者] 居间调停者,调解者,说情者

8、cept

cept=take 拿,取

except         [ex-外,出,cept拿;“拿出去”→排除,除外] 除…之外,把…除

exception      [见上,-ion名词后缀] 例外,除外

exceptional     [见上,-al 形容词后缀,…的] 例外的,异常的,特殊的

exceptive       [见上,-ive形容词后缀,…的] 作为例外的,特殊的

accept         [ac-加强意义,cept拿→接] 接受,领受,承认

acceptance     [见上,-ance名词后缀] 接受,领受,承认

acceptable      [见上,able形容词后缀,可…的] 可接受的

intercept        [inter-中间→从中,cept拿,取;“从中截取”] 截取,截击,拦截,截断

interception     [见上, -ion名词后缀] 截取,截住,拦截,截击

intercepter      [见上,-er表示物] 截击机

incept          [in-入,cept拿,取;“拿入”→收进] 接收(入会)摄入,摄取

posted @ 2008-11-23 21:25 Cora编辑 收藏