【我的总结与翻译】

Medical researchers keep looking for less invasive ways to perform operations. The aim is to cut less and to reduce pain and recovery time. Some researchers see a future in NOTES. NOTES is short for Natural Orifice (Translumenal) Endoscopic Surgery.

医学研究人员一起都在寻找侵入小的方法来进行手术，其目的是让伤口更小，减少疼痛和恢复的时间。一些研究人员从NOTES（即“经自然管壁的内镜手术”的缩写）上看到了希望。

In simple terms, what this means is the removal of diseased organs through the body's natural openings. For example, a man in California recently had his appendix removed through his mouth.

简单来说，也就是通过人体自然的开口来移除病变的器官。例如，最近加州的一名男子就通过他的口腔切除了他的阑尾。

25 years ago, having your appendix removed meant staying in the hospital for as long as a week. Patients returned home with an ugly and permanent scar on their abdomen.

25年前，要切除阑尾那就意味着要在医院呆上一周的时间，病人也会带着腹上的丑陋而永久的疤痕回家。

But since the late nineteen eighties, laparoscopic surgery has gained popularity. It leaves only small marks where holes were made in the skin. The doctor works with a system called a laparoscope, usually connected to a video camera. Laparoscopic surgery rarely requires a hospital stay.

但自20世纪80年代末以来，腹腔内镜后术已得到了普及。它只会在皮肤上留下很小的伤疤。医生通过一种通常与摄像机相连的腹腔镜系统工作，腹腔内镜后术很少需要住院。

With the newest kind of surgery, doctors make a small cut in the patient's belly button. A camera is placed through the hole to help guide the surgical instrument.

医生使用最新方式的手术，在病人的肚脐上开一个很小的口。通过这个小口放入摄像机以帮助引导手术设备。