早、午、晚要用in
例:in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上
in the day 在白天
at黎明、午、夜、点与分
例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候
at noon 在中午
at night 在夜间
at midnight 在午夜
以上短语都不用冠词
at six o'clock 在6点钟
at 7:30 (seven thirty) 在7点半
at half past eleven 在11点半
at nine fifteen 在9点15分
at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分
也可以写成
seven to five 5点差7分(半小时以上)
five minutes after two 2点过5分
at a quarter to two 1点45分
at the weekend 在周末
年、月、年月、季节、周
即在“来年”,在“某月”,在“某年某月” (但在某年某月某
日则用on),在四季,在第几周等都要用in。
例;in 1986 在1986年
in 1927 在1927年
in April 在四月
in March 在三月
in December 1986 1986年12月
in July l983 1983年7月
in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季
in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季
in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周
in the third week 在第三周
阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in,
即在阳光下,在灯下,在树阴下,穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。
例:Don't read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。
They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。
They are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。
a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯
He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。
The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛.
以及:in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下
a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人
the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿着白(黑、红、黄)色衣服的妇女
in uniform 穿着制服
in mourning 穿着丧服
in brown shoes 穿着棕色鞋
in his shirt sleeves 穿着衬衫
将来时态in...以后
例: They will come back in 10 days. 他们将10天以后回来。
I'll come round in a day or two. 我一两天就回来。
We'll be back in no time. 我们一会儿就回来。
Come and see me in two days' time. 两天后来看我。(从现在开始)
after... (从过去开始)
小处at大处in
例:Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well. Don't worry. 李和我平安地到达黑山县,一切很好,勿念。
I live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市,我姐姐住在一个小城镇,而我的父母则住在农村。
I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在辽宁省鞍山市.
有形with无形by,语言 、单位、材料in
例:The workers are paving a road with stone. 工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)
The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)
"Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy" is a good opera. <<智取威虎山>>是—出好戏。(无形)
The product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil. 这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。 (表示方式、手段、方法——无形)
I really can't express my idea in English freely in-deed. 我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。 (表示某种语言用in)
I wrote a novel in Russian. 我用俄语写了一本小说。(同上)
The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system. 公里是米制中最长的长度单位。 (表示度、量、衡单位的用in )
The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre. 长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的。(同上)
This board was cast in bronze not in gold. 这个牌匾是铜铸的,不是金铸的。
特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用in
特征或状态:
例: The Democratic Party was then in power. 那时民主党执政。
They found the patient in a coma. 他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。
He has not been in good health for some years. 他几年来身体一直不好。
Many who came in despair went away in hope. 许多人带着绝望情绪而来,却满怀希望而去。
The house was in ruins. 这房屋成了废墟。
The poor girl was in tears. 这个贫苦女孩泪流满面。
Her clothes were in rags. 她的衣跟穿破了。
His shoes were in holes. 他的鞋穿出窟窿了。
I only said it in fun. 我说这话只是开玩笑的。
She spoke in grief rather than in anger. 与其说她讲得很气愤,不如说她讲得很伤心。
还有一些短语也用in,如:
in jest 诙谐地,in joke 开玩笑地,in spite 恶意地, in fairness 公正地,in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大,in sorrow 伤心地等。
His mind was in great confusion. 他脑子里很乱。
Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb. 今天大家都兴高采烈,没有一个情绪低落的。
She and her classmates are in flower ages. 她和她的同学都正值妙龄。
The compaign was in full swing. 运动正值高潮中。
方面:
例:we accepted the item in principle. 我们在原则上接受了这个条款。
They are never backward in giving their views. 他们从来不怕发表自己的意见。
The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain. 这个落后的地区在粮食方面已能自给。
A good teacher must be an example in study. 一个好的教师必须是学习的模范。
方式:
例:All the speeches were taken down in shorthand. 所有报告都用速记记录下来了。
The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism. 党一贯以爱国主义和国际主义精神教育我们。
如下成语惯用in
例如: in all 总计
in advance 事前
in the meantime 与此同时
in place 适当地
in hopes of(或in the hope of) 怀着.......希望
in connection with 和……有关
in contact with 和……联系
in addition to 除......以外
in case of 倘若,万一
in conflict with 和......冲突
in force 有效的,大批
in depth 彻底地
in regard to 关于
in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近
in retrospect 回顾,一想起
in behalf of 代表......利益
in the least 一点,丝毫
in alarm 惊慌、担心
in the opinion of 据……见解
in the long run 从长远说来
in one's opinion 在……看来
in word 口头上
in a word 总之
in vain 无益地, 白白地
in case 如果,万一,以防
in detail 详细地
in haste 急急忙忙地
in conclusion 总之
in spite of 尽管
in other words... 换句话说
in return 作为回报
in the name of 以......名义
be confident in 对......有信心
be interested in 对......感兴趣
in doubt 怀疑
in love 恋爱中
in debt 负债
in fun (jest、joke) 玩笑地
in hesitation 犹豫不决
in wonder 在惊奇中
in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地)
in a good humour 心情(情绪)好
“介词at、to表方向,攻击、位置、善、恶、分”。
介词at和to都可以表示方向; 用at表示方向时,侧重于攻击的目标,往往表示恶意;用to表示方向时,突出运动的位置或动作的对象,侧重表示善意。试比较下列各句:
1. A.She came at me. 她向我扑过来。
B.She came to me. 她向我走过来。
2.A.Jake ran at John. 杰克向约翰扑过去。
B.Jake ran to John. 杰克朝约翰跑去。
3.A. He rushed at the woman with a sword. 他拿着剑向那妇女扑过去。
B. He rushed to the woman with a sword. 他带着剑向那妇女跑过去。
4.A.He shouted at the old man. 他大声喝斥那老人。
B. He shouted to the old man. 他大声向那老人说
5.A.I heard her muttering at Xiao Li. 我听见她在抱怨小李。
B.I heard her muttering to Xiao Li. 我听见她在同小李低声说话。
6.A. She talked at you just now. 她刚才还说你坏话呢。
B.She talked to you just now. 她刚才还同你谈话呢.
7.A.She threw a bone at the dog. 她用一块骨头砸狗。
B.She threw a bone to the dog. 她把一块骨头扔给狗吃。
8.A.He presented a pistol at me. 他用手枪对着我。
B.He presented a pistol to me. 他赠送我一支手枪。
日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早午晚; 以下皆用on。
例: on Octorber the first 1949 1949年10月1日
on February the thirteenth l893 1893年2月13日
on May the first 5月1日
on the first 1号
on the sixteenth 16号
on the second of January 或 on January the second 1月2日
on a summer evening 在夏天的一个夜晚
on Boxing Day 在节礼日(圣诞节次日)
on New Year's Day 在元旦
on my birthday 在我的生日
但 in the Christmas holidays在圣诞节假期; in the eighteenth century 在十八世纪; in ancient times 在古代; in earlier times 在早期; in modern times 在现代,则用in,the present time 现在,at the present day当今则用at。
on May Day 在“五·一”节
on winter day 在冬天
on Decenber 12th 1950 l950年12月12日
on Sunday 在星期天
on Monday 在星期一
on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨
on Saturday afternoon 星期六下午
on Friday evening 星期五晚上
但last night 昨夜;in the evening 在晚上; on time准时,in time及时,等则不同。
年月日,加早午晚,of之前on代in
例: on the morning of 18th 18日早晨
on the evening of 4th 4日晚上
On the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave a garewell speech. 他们在临行前夕举行了一次告别宴会,他们的团长发表了告别讲话。
收音、农场,值日on
例:Did your supervisor like the story over (or on) the radio last night?
您的导师喜欢昨天从收音机里听到的故事吗?
I heard the news over (or on) the radio. 我从收音机里听到了这一条消息。
talk over the radio 由无线电播音
on TV 从电视里......
hear something on the wireless 在无线电里听到
My brother works on an Army reclamation farm. 我哥哥在一个军垦农场工作。
The students are working on a school farm. 学生们正在校办农场劳动。
This is a farmer's house on a farm. 这是农场的农舍。
Who is on duty, tody? 今天谁值日?
We go on duty at 8 a.m. 我们上午8点钟上班。
关于、基础、靠、著论
例: This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation. 今天下午我们要听关于国际形势的报告。
Professor Shen will give us a talk on travelling in America. 申教授将给我们做关于美国之行的报告。
You are wrong on all these issues. 在这些问题上你的看法都错了。
The belief is based on practical experience. 这种信念是以实际经验为基础的。
Theory must be based on practice. 理论必须以实践为基础。
The people in the south live on rice. 南方人主食大米。(靠)
The citizens live on their salaries. 城市人靠薪金生活。
You can't afford luxuries, on an income of 100 yuan a month. 靠月薪100元的收入,你是买不起奢侈品的。
Her pet dogs were fed on the choicest food. 她用精饲料喂养她心爱的狗。
He is just a scrounger, who lives on other people. 他正是一个小偷,专靠损害别人过日子。
Keep the kettle on the boil (=boiling). 让水壶的水一直开着。
The enemy are on the run (=running). 敌人在逃跑。
on后接the加上一个作名词的动词.其意义与现在分词所表达的相近。类似例子很多如:
on the march在行军中,on the mend 在好转中,on the prowl徘徊,on the move活动中,on the scrounge巧取豪夺(埋语),on the go活跃,忙碌,on the lookout注意, 警戒,on the watch监视着。on the hop趁不备抓住某人等等。
on the People's Democratic Dictatorship<<实践论>>和<<矛盾论>>
on the People's Democratic Dictatorship<<论人民民主专政>>
"on Coalition Government" <<论联合政府>>
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付,相反、准
注:口诀中的“着”是指着火,罢指罢工,偷指偷偷地,公指出差、办公事;假指休假,准指准时。
例:The house next to mine was on fire. 我邻居的房子着火了。
The workers of the railway station were on strike. 铁路工人罢工了。
Grapes and big water melons from Sinkiang are on sale on a large sale. 新疆葡萄和西瓜大量上市了。
do something on the sly (quiet). 秘密地(暗地里,偷偷地)做某事。
I've come here on business. 我是有公事来的。
They went to Bern on a mission. 他们到伯尔尼去执行一项使命。
They has been away on a long trip. 他们出去做一次长途旅行。
I'll go home on leave next month. 下月我将休假回家。
I went on business to Shanghai. I did not take leave. 我是公出去上海的,不是不告而别。
She came to see you on purpose. 她是专程来看你的。
He came here on purpose to discuss it with you. 他到这来是要与你讨论这件事的。
This lunch is on me.
"No. let's go Dutch."
“这顿午饭我付钱。”
“不,还是各付各的。”
On the contrary, it was very easy to understand. 相反,这事儿很容易理解。
P1ease come on time. (on schedule). 请准时来。
注:in time是“及时”的意思。
The train arrived on schedule. 火车准时到达。
特定时间和“一……就”,左右on后动名词
例:Gases expand on heating and contract on cooling. 气体加热时膨胀,冷却时收缩。(特定时间)
On entering the room, he found his friends dancing in high spirits. 一进屋,他就发现他的朋友们在愉快地跳舞。
On reaching the city he called up Lao Yang. 一到城里他就给老杨打了一个电话。
I'll write to him on hearing from you. 我接到你的来信就给他写信。(一……就)
以及on the left, right向左向右,on the stair在台阶上等。
步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage用in
例:On foot步行; on horse骑马; on donkey 骑驴。
He rode on, blood flowing from his side. 他骑着马,鲜血从腰部流下来。
The soldier of the Eighth Route Army rode 100 li on a horse a day in order to catch up with his unit. 为赶上部队,那位八路军战士骑马日行百里。
Go on horse back! 骑马去!
You are having me on! 你和我开玩笑呢!
in cab和in carriage 不能用on或by cab或carrige。
at山脚、门口在当前,速、温、日落价核心
即在山脚下、在门口、在目前,速度、以……速率、温度、在日落时、在……核心要用at。
例:At the foot of the mountain, there are thirty of our comrades. 在山脚下,有我们30个同志。
There is a beautiful lake at the foot of the hill. 山脚下有一个美丽的湖。
At the gate of the house there are many children playing glassball. 门口有一大群孩子在玩玻璃球。
Who's standing there at the door? 谁站在门口?
I don't need the dictionary at present. 我现在还不需要这本词典。
He is at present in Washington. 他目前正在华盛顿。
The train runs at fifty kilometres an hour. 火车每小时行驶50公里。
we built the plant at top speed and minimun cost. 我们以最低的投资,最高的速度修建了该工厂。
at home 在国内,在家里
at ten degrees centigrade 在摄氏10度
at minus ten degrees centigrade 摄氏零下10度
Water freezes at 0°centigrade. 水在镊氏零度结冰。
Water usually boils at 100°. 水通常在摄氏100度沸腾。
at zero 在零度
at the rate of 45 miles an hour
at full speed 全速
at a good price 高价
at a low cost 低成本
at a great cost 花了很大代价
at that time 在当时
Evaporation takes place at all tempertures. 蒸发在任何温度下都能发生。
at 1000RPM (revolution per minute) 每分钟1000转
at a high speed 高速
The soldiers launched an attack upon the enemy at sunset. 战士们在日落时对敌人发起了攻击。
at daybreak 日出时
The force at the core leading our cause forward is the Chinese Communist Party. 领导我们事业的核心力量是中国共产党。
The atom has a nucleus at its core. 在原子的中心有一个原子核。
At the beginning of this term the teacher in charge of our class was very strict with us. 这学期开始,我们的班主任老师对我们要求非常严格。
以及At the first session of the First National People's congress of the People's Republic of China. 在中华人民共和国第一次全国人民代表大会第一次会议上.
常用的at短语有:
at first 首先,开始时
at least 至少
at all events 无论如何
at home 在家,无拘束
at one stroke 一下子
at a loss 不知怎办
at any rate 不管怎样
at length 详细地
be at high tide 处于高潮期
at our invitation 应我们的邀请
at our request 应我们的请求
at the news 听到这消息
at the risk of 冒......危险
at a great expense 以巨大费用
at a stroke 一举
at intervals of 每隔
at liberty 有权,随意
at the sight of 一见到
at the point of 接近,靠近
at the thought of 一想到
at the speed of 以......速度
at the cost (price) of 以......为代价
at leisure 闲着、失业
at the disposal of 任凭……使用
at stake 在危险中、在成败关头
at bottom 实际上、本质上
at short notice 一得到通知
at seeing us 看到我们
at the happy tidings 听到喜讯
at sixteen 在16岁时
at the present stage 在现阶段
at the weekend 周末
at all times 永远
at 405 Victory Road 在胜利路405号
工具、同、和、随with,具有,独立、就、原因
例:We write with ballpens. 我们用油笔写字。(工具)
但He write in blue ink. 他用蓝水笔写字(墨水用in不用with)
Theory must go hand in hand with practice. 理论必须同实践相结合。(同)
He is talking with friends. 他正同朋友们谈话。〔同)
I'd like to have a dinner with a friend. 我喜欢同朋友共同进餐。
We must co-operate closely with them. 我们必须同他们紧密合作。(同)
We, as human beings are going to leave, but friendship has taken roots among us and our hearts are linked with yours. 我们虽然就要走了,但是友谊却在我们之间扎了根,我们的心和你们的心是紧紧相连的。(和或同〕
A cadre must become one with the masses.干部必须和群众打成一片。
I'm with you. 我同意你。
An atom is so small that we can't see it with a microscope. 原子太小,即使用显微镜也看不见它。(工具)
In the past I had to part with my wife. 旧社会我不得不和妻子离别。(和)
The socialist revolution is deepening with each passing day. 社会主义革命日益深入。(随着)
They sail with the wind. 他们顺风航行。(随着)
With the change of the economic foundation, the superstructure has to be transformed too. 随着经济基础的改变,上层建筑也必须改变。(随着)
With the battlle of Waterloo, Napoleon's rule in Europe was ended. 滑铁卢一战,拿破仑对欧洲的统治就完蛋了。
The modern electron tube. 随着电子管的发明而诞生了现代电子工业.
She is with child. = She is in a very interesting condition. = in a family way, = She is pregnant (in pregnancy). 她怀孕了。(有)
但She is with a child.意为:“她领着一个孩子。”
China is a very large country with a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的大国。(具有)
China is a country with a population of ten billion people. 中国是一个有10亿人口的国家。(具有)
What is the matter with you? 怎么回事?(就,关于)
How is it with you? 你怎么啦?(就,关于)
Everything was going well with them. 他们一切都进行得很顺利。(就……)
It is a very intense flash with a lot of power packed into it. 由于聚集了大量的能,所以闪光非常强烈。(独立结构)
注;即分词独立主格结构用with。
With a new welding technique introduced, the use of stainless steel was no longer limited to making small things only. 由于新的焊接技术的引进,不锈钢的使用就不仅仅局限在微小的物件上了。(独立结构)
With all its beams advancing in step with each other the laser possessed very particular properties which no ordinary light ever has. 由于激光的光束同步,所以它具有普通光所没有的特殊性质。(独立结构)
Without the temperature or pressure changed matter can never change from one state into another. 没有温度或压力的变化,物质永远不能以一种状态变到另一种状态。(独立结构)
The evil landlord was trembling with fear. 那个万恶的地主吓得浑身发抖。(原因)
My wife's hands were rough with work. 我爱人因为老干活,手很租糙。(原因).
With the help of my classmate's taperecorder I listen to the Voice of America and B.B.C every day. 借助于我同学的录音机,我每天收听美国之音和B.B.C。(原因)
With televition, we can see all kinds of programmes on the screen sitting at home without going to the movies and theatres. 因为有了电视,我们坐在家里就能看到各种节目, 而不必去影院、戏院了。(原因)
原状because of, owing to, due to表语形容词
例:Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled ahead of schedule. 由于我们的共同努力,任务提前完成了。
注:Owing to 和 because of 都做原因状语,而due to只能做表语形容词。所以此句。owing to 的介词短语做原因状语。
AII our achievements are due to the correct leadership of our Party. 我们的一切成绩都归功于党。 (due to做表语形容词)
under后接修、建中,of,from物化分
例:The road is under repair now. 这条路正在修建中。
The now railway is stil under construction. 新铁路尚在修筑中。(不能用in)
under discussion 在讨论中(不能用in) under considerat 在考虑中(不能用in)
The desk is made of wood. 桌子是木头做的。(物理变化用of)
The wine is made from grape. 这种酒是用葡萄酿造的。(化学变化)
The bridge is made of steel. 这座桥是钢制的。(物理变化)
Steel is made from iron. 钢是由铁炼成的。(化学变化)
before, after 表一点,ago, later表示一段
即before, after常表示一个点的时间状语,而ago,later常表示一段的时间状语。
例如:前天the day before yesterday;前年the year before last; 大上星期the week before last等等都表示点状语的。要想准确无误地使用好before和ago, after和later比较困难,但要是以“点”和“段”来区别就容易得多。
例:晚饭前 before supper
解放前 before liberation
1970年前 before 1970
文革前 before cultural revolution
国庆前 before National Day
入大学前 before coming to college
这些都是“点”状语,因为1970年前即1970年1月1
日前。国庆节即10月1日前。
ago表示一段时间。
例:一分钟前 a minute ago
半小时前 half an hour ago
两天前 two days ago
一星期前 a week ago
五年前 five years ago
因为 a minute, half an hour, two days, a week, five years等都表示一段时间,所以用ago。以及ten days later等皆如此。
before可接完成时,ago过去级有限
这时的before是连词(也可做介词)
例:We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain. 我们刚离开学校,天就下雨了。(完成时)
I had studied French for four months before I came here. 我来这儿以前就已学了四个月法语了。 (before接完成时)
He fell ill three days ago. 他病了三天了。(ago则只能接动词过去式,同时注意瞬间动词的问题。)
He left two months ago. 两个月前他离开了。(同上)
I met her a few minutes ago. 我在几分钟前碰到他了。(同上)
since以来during间,since时态多变换
与之相比beside, 除了last but one。
即beside的一般用法是“在......旁边", 但还有"和......相比”等特殊用法。
例:I feIt so weak in spoken English beside them. 和他们相比,我感到我的口语太差。
Beside work and study, all else was trivial. 同工作和学习比起来,其他一切都是小事。
除了last but one,即but多指“除了”的意思,也有“倒数第几”的意思。last but one即不是最后一个。
例:I haven't told anybody but one. 除了我爱人,我谁也没告诉。(除了)
Who but a fool would study foreign language well if he is a hard working one. 如果他勤奋好学的话,除了傻瓜谁都能学好外语。 (除了)
Look at the last page but one. 请看倒数第2页。
He was the last but three in maths examination this time. 他这次数学考试成绩倒数第四。
They live in the next house but one. 他们住在隔壁过去一家。
复不定for、找,价,原,对,给,段,去,为,作,赞
复不定for,即用for引出的不定式复合结构,也就是for加名(代)加不定式;找,意为找到,提供; 价,意为价格、工资;原,意为原因;段,意为时间或距离; 去,意为去某地或开往某地;作,意为作为; 赞,意为赞成(用于系表结构。)
例:It is high time for us to start. 我们不该再迟延了。
The most urgent thing is for us to get the preparation done. 员重要的事情是我们要把准备工作做好。
I don't think it advisable for him to study medicine. 我想她学医不适合。
Your parents and relatives are anxious for you to go to college. 你的父母和亲戚渴望你上大学。
My home town has changed too much for me to recognize. 我的家乡变化太大,简直认不出来了。
以上例句都是for在不定式复合结构中的用法。
Someone is asking for you on the telephone. 有人找你接电话。(找)
You'd better write to me for more information about it. 如需更多这方面的资科和信息,你最好给我写信。(提问,索要)
They worked in the company for 200 yuan a month. 他们在这个公司干活,每月嫌200元。(价格)
How much did you pay for the second-hand colour TV? 这台用过的彩电你花了多少钱2(价格)
Thank you very much for your coming. 谢谢您的光临。〔原因)
Thank you for your warm hospitality. 谢谢您的热情款待。(原因)
Forgive me for being tardy. 请原谅我迟到了。(原因)
I'm much obliged to you for telling me. 非常感谢你给我谈了这个情况。(原因)
We have boundless admiration for your struggle. 对你们酌斗争我们无限钦佩。(对)
Listening comprehension materials are good for training our minds. 听力材料对训练我们的脑子根有好处。(对)
Take the bitter medicine. It's good for you. 吃下这药吧,对你有好处。(对)
There is a telegram for Mr. Wang. 这有一份王先生的电报。(给)
May I use it for a minute? 我用一会儿好吗?(一段时间)
I followed the stealer for some distance. 我跟踪那个小愉一段路。(一段距离)
The ship was for Dalian. 这破船开往大连。(去某地)
We are off for Shanghai tomorrow. 明天我们去上海。(去某地)
The medicine is for reducing your temperature. 这药是退烧的。(为……目的)
After breakfast. I'll go for a stroll round the town. 吃完饭我要在城里到处走走。(为……目的)
I'll keep the lighter given by a foreign friend for a souvenir. 我要把外宾送给我的打火机作为纪念。(作为)
It is only meant for a joke. 这只是当笑话说说罢了。(作为)
We are all for cutting down the cost of production. 我们都赞成降低生产成本。(赞成)
快到、对、向towards,工、学、军、城、上、北、南
例:It's getting on towards the end of term now. 现在已快到学期未了。(快到)
Towards midnight my husband came back. 快到半夜了我的丈夫才回来。(快到)
Our teacher was very lenient towards us. 我们的老师对我们很松。(对)
What you have invented is really a big contribution towards our company. 你所发明的对我们公司确实是一大贡献。(对)
The boy came running towards his mother. 那个男孩向他母亲跑去。(向着)
所谓工、学、军、城、上、北、南,是说up和down的用法。这也是汉英翻译时要注意的。例如:招工,上大学,参军,进城,上山,向北方等都属于up。而相反的下乡,向南,落榜等都属于down。“大军南下,北上抗日”大概由此而来。
but for 否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言。
but for是“若不是”的意思。
例:But for our great Communist Party, we could never have today's happiness. 若没有伟大的共产党,我们决不会有今天的幸福生活。
But for this chemical the vapour inside the system would not have been absorbed so completely. 若没有这个化学剂的作用,系统内的蒸气不可能被吸收得这么彻底。
but for将在虚拟语气中详讲。
以上讲到了某些常用介词in用法,但远远不够,就拿做插入语的介词短语来说就数不胜数。以下固定搭配不可随意改动:
例:in general 一般说来
in short 简言之
in other words 换言之
in my opinion 依我看
in simple words 简言之
on the whole 基本上
for instance 例如
for short 简称
after all 毕竟
above all 首先
此外考试中常出现的成语前置词也须牢记其用法。
by appearance 从外表
by the atd of 借……的帮助
by far ……得多
by course of ......照......常例
by reason of 由于
by request 应邀
by right of 由于 凭借
out of date 过时
out of harmony with 与...... 不一致
out of harmony with 摆脱困境
out of bounds 超出权限
out of proportion to 与......不相称
out of reach 力量不及
out of one's wits 不知所措
out of question 没问题
out of the question 不可能的
to a great extent 很大程度上
Io one's taste 合......胃口
to one's thinking 据……看来
to one's heart's content 尽情地
to the utmost 尽力
behind schedule 不准时
behind the times 过时的
behind the curtain 在幕后
within reach 能力所及
within a hair's breadth 差—点
wlthin a stone's throw of 在附近
beyond description 无法形容
beyond reason 毫无道理
beyond reproach 无可指责
beyond one's expectation 超出......范围
beyond expression 无法表达
ing型由于、鉴,除了,除外与包含。
之后,关于,在……方面,有关介词须记全。
最后,英语中v.+ing分词转化而成的特殊介词,更须注意,根据其语法功能,把它们同现在分词,动名词和连同区分开来。即:
respecting由于, 鉴于; considering 由于, 鉴于; excepting除了; concerning关于; excepting for除外; excluding除外; without excepting sb. 包含; including 包括,包含; following 在……之后; regarding 关于; respecting 在......方面; concerning 有关;
例:considering 由于;
Considering that table salt is the commonest source of sodium in food, the diet usually calls for eating salt-free foods. 由于食盐是钠在食物中普遍的来源,医生给病人规定的,饮食通常要求吃无盐食品。
respecting鉴于:
Respecting the heavy rain, we had to put off the match. 鉴于下大雨,我们不得不推迟了这场比赛。
excepting 除了:
excepting 可单独使用,可以与always或否定词not 连用,也可以与for, without 之类介词连用。
Excepting one of his close friends, they were present at the party. 除了他的一个挚友外,他们都来赴宴了。
He is an honest man, excepting for his quick temper. 他是个老实人,只是("除了"
脾气暴躁。(同类比较except,加for异类记心间)。
Everybody is in higt spirits, always excepting him. 大家都情绪高昂,唯他"除外"(例外)。
Only a few survivors without excepting him were living in the settlement. 包括他在内,只有几个幸存者住在新拓居地。
including包含:
The new apartment consists of three rooms including the kitchen. 这套公寓有三间,包括厨房。
following 在......之后: 相当于after
The week following his first vist to the newsroom he was appointed editor of the important column. 在拜访该报社编辑部的"第二个"星期,他放任命为该报重要专栏的主笔。
regarding 关于:相当于about
Regarding research investment and number of researchers engaged in this field of research, the U.S.A. commands an overwhelming position followed by Japan. "关于"投入该领域研究的投资额和研究人员的数量,美国占压倒优势,其次是日本。
respectiong 在……方面:
Respectiong education, health, medical care as well as production and labor technological development will have to be evaluated with due thought given to social systems and humanism. "在"教育、卫生、生产劳动"方面", 评价技术的发展需根据社会制度和人道主义。
concerning 有关:
The following are some of the arguments both pros and cons concerning computers, thinking, and artificial intelligence. 下面是“有关”计算机、思维和人工智能方面持赞成和反对态度的一些论据。
当然,这些ing型的介词,在句子中也有分词、动名词和连词的语法功能。 excluding 和 including,表示排除与包含。
Last year British sales to the rigion were more than $8 billion, while French exports, excluding arms brought in around $3 billion. 去年,英国对这个地区的销售额达80多亿美元,而法国的出口额(武器除外)约为30亿美元。
Stress may deplete vitamin C in your body, as can smoking, drinking and a variety of drugs, not excepting aspirin. 生活紧张会耗尽你体内的维生素c,正如吸烟、饮酒、服用某些药物(包括阿斯匹林)一样。
至于介词与形容词、动词、名词的搭配以及复合介词(又称复杂介词)、介词词组与从句的变换则涉及更多的语法内容。
posted on 2008-08-19 16:07
elainewho 阅读(26)
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