1. But what we forget—what our economy depends on us forgetting—is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment.
【译文】 但是我们忘记的是——我们的经济所依赖的就是遗忘——快乐远不是没有痛苦的喜悦。最有可能给我们带来最大快乐的东西也有可能会带来损失和失望。
【析句】 在第一句中，主语是一个主语从句，破折号中间的成分是插入语。在第二句中，主语（The things）后面跟了一个定语从句。
【讲词】 potential作形容词意为“潜在的,可能的”，作名词表示“潜能,潜力”。We have to be prepared for any potential difficulties.（我们应对潜在的困难做好准备。）The father detected soldier potential in the boy.（父亲觉察到孩子天生是块当兵的料。）
2. Today,surrounded by promises of easy happiness,we need art to tell us,as religion once did,Memento mori: remember that you will die,that everything ends,and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. Its a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette,yet,somehow,a breath of fresh air.
【译文】 今天，周围到处都是轻易就能得到快乐的许诺，我们需要艺术来告诉我们死的象征意义，好比宗教曾经告诉我们的那样：记住，你会死的，一切终有结束的时候，快乐不在于否认这一点，而在于要接受这一点。这个信息虽说比丁香烟还要苦涩，然而不管怎样却也有一股清新的气味。
【析句】 主干结构是we need art to tell us，过去分词结构（surrounded by promises of easy happiness）作状语，注意Memento mori是作直接宾语，而us则是间接宾语。冒号后面的句子是Memento mori的同位语。另外，as religion once did作结果状语。
【讲词】 Memento mori是拉丁语，意为“死的象征”。
clove cigarette（丁香香烟）含有少量的丁香，味道芬香，具有一定的止痛作用。

2006 Part B
3. The casino issued to him,as a good customer,a “Fun Card”,which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks,and enables the casino to track the users gambling activities.
【译文】 赌场因他是一个好顾客而发给他一张“游乐卡”，此卡可以积分并享受免费的食品和饮料，并能使赌场跟踪使用者的赌博活动。
【析句】 此句是一个简单句，主干结构是The casino issued to him… a “Fun Card”。as a good customer是一个介宾短语，作him的后置定语。a “Fun Card”后面跟了一个定语从句，而这个定语从句又是一个复合句，从句是when(it is) used in the casino，主句则有两个并列的谓语成分：一是earns points for meals and drinks，一是enables the casino to tract the users gambling activities。
【讲词】 track在此句中的意思同monitor（监视，记录）。The air controller in Perth tracked the aircrafts progress as it headed east across the desert.（在飞机朝东飞越沙漠时，珀斯的空中管制员跟踪到飞机的航线。）track down可以表示“追到，查到，找到”。After two days of almost nightmare,I tracked down the problem.（经过几乎是噩梦般的两天，我终于查到了问题的所在。）

4. Now he is suing the casino,charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted.
【译文】 现在他正在起诉赌场，控告赌场既然知道他赌博上瘾就应该阻止他上船赌博。
【析句】 句子比较简单，但是应该掌握句中关键的单词。
【讲词】 sue意为“控告；请求；求婚”。He sued the department store for his personal injury he had suffered when he slipped on the floor inside the store.（他起诉了那家百货大楼，要求对其在店内滑倒所受到的人身伤害进行赔偿。）The enemy sued for peace after the battle.（敌人在战斗结束以后求和。）He sued for the hand of the girl he loved.（他向自己所爱的姑娘求婚。）
charge也有“起诉”的意思，但是charge还可以表示“指责”，不一定要正式起诉某人。
patron意为“赞助人，资助人；老顾客”。patronage表示“保护,赞助,光顾”或“保护人的身份；老顾客的身份”。It seems our little establishment has finally been deemed worthy of the banks patronage.（看来银行终于认为值得资助我们这种小机构。）Shopkeepers thanked Christmas shoppers for their patronage.（店老板感谢圣诞节顾客的光临。）
addict意为“上瘾的人；瘾君子”，a cigarette addict（烟民，烟鬼），a drug addict（吸毒者）。addicted意为“上瘾；着迷”，如表示对什么上瘾或着迷，后面要跟介词to。例如：He was addicted to drugs.（他吸毒上瘾。）

5. Noting the “medical/psychological” nature of problem gambling behaviors,the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or wellbeing.
【译文】 鉴于其问题赌博行为的“医疗和心理”性质，信中表示在他出示医学和心理学证明以示光顾赌博不会对其安全和健康构成任何威胁之前，赌场不会再次对他开放。
【析句】 句子的主干是the letter said。Noting…gambling behaviors是现在分词短语作状语，宾语是一个that引导的从句。从句是一个复合句，主句是he would have to present… his safety or wellbeing，从句是before(he is) being readmitted to the casino。
【讲词】 /在英语中表示“和”的意思。
admit在句中的意思是“接纳”。After two years in practice,he was admitted to the bar association.（从业两年以后，他加入了律师协会。）You will not be admitted to the auditorium without a ticket.（没有票是不会让你进礼堂的。）
wellbeing表示“康乐,安宁,福利”，台湾人喜欢译成“福祉”。We should put the people first and give priority to the peoples wellbeing.（我们应该把人民放在首位，以人民的安康为重。）

6. Every entrance ticket lists a tollfree number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless,Williamss suit charges that the casino,knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,” intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will”.
【译文】 每张入场券上都印有印第安纳心理健康中心的免费咨询电话号码。然而，威廉斯的诉讼指责赌场明知他“赌博成瘾不能自拔”，还故意设法“引诱”他“继续违反其意愿的行为”。
【析句】 第二句中charge所跟的宾语从句主干为the casino… worked to “lure” him to…。
【讲词】 toll作名词主要表示“（钟、铃）声；征税；收费；伤亡”。The death toll from the train accident over the weekend passed 250.（在上周末的火车脱轨事故中死亡的人数超过了250。）tollfree意为“免费”，例如：Most big companies have tollfree numbers.（多数大公司都有免费电话。）
suit作名词有“起诉，诉讼”意，等于law suit。
work在句中表示“设法”。All his life,he worked to help the poor rural women.（他一生都设法帮助那些贫穷的农村妇女。）

7. The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent,recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.
【译文】 《精神错乱诊断与统计手册》第四版写道：“病态赌博”是一种持续反复并难以控制的行为，与其说是追求金钱，倒不如说是为了寻求冒险博取横财的刺激。
【析句】 句子的主干结构是The fourth edition… says，宾语是一个从句，其主语是“pathological gambling”，谓语是involves，宾语是一个less… than…构成的比较结构，比较pursuit of money和pursuit of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall。
【讲词】 pursuit意为“追求”，pursuit of money即表示“对金钱的追求”。
to take risks(the risk) in doing sth表示“冒险做某事”。The entrepreneurs took the risk in lending their money and hoped that the business they invested in would succeed.（企业家冒险借出他们的钱，希望他们所投资的生意会成功。）
quest表示“追求；寻找”。The company is questing for improving its service.（公司正在追求改进服务。）The quest for truth has never been more important than it is now.（对真理的追求从来没有像现在这样重要。）

8. Pushed by science,or what claims to be science,society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.
【译文】 在科学或所谓的科学的驱动下，社会正对曾被视为性格缺陷或道德缺失的东西重新进行归类，认为是类似于身体残疾的性格失衡。
【析句】 句子的主干结构是society is reclassifying，宾语是what…moral failings，后面的成分（as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities）是宾语补足语。被动分词结构（Pushed by science,or what claims to be science）作全句的状语。
【讲词】 flaws意为“缺点；裂纹；瑕疵”，character flaws指“性格缺陷”。They share the character flaw of arrogance.（他们都有傲慢的缺点。）
failings意为“缺点，缺陷”。
physical disability意为“身体残疾或缺陷”，这里的physical意为“身体的，生理的”。
akin意为“同类的，类似的”。I should teach my students that science is akin to common sense.（我要教导学生，让他们了解科学类似于常识。）The situation there is akin to that of the West before the rise of the readytowear industry in the early 1900s.（这种情形与20世纪初成衣工业出现前的西方相仿。）

9. It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems,often defining as addictions what earlier,sterner generations explained as weakness of will.
【译文】 令人担心的是，社会越发把行为问题当作是疾病来治疗，常把更为坚强的上几代人称之为意志薄弱的行为定义成上瘾。
【析句】 这是一个简单句，主干结构是It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems,其中it作形式主语。often defining as… weakness of will是medicalizing的伴随状语。注意more and more在句中是副词，修饰medicalizing。
【讲词】 will作名词时意为“意愿；意志”，will power意为“意志力，自制力”。Where there is a will, there is a way.(有志者，事竟成。）The international community needs to demonstrate its political will to end hunger.（国际社会应该拿出根除饥饿的政治意志来。）When you have the will to win,you will find the skill to win.（你要是有赢的意志，就会获得赢的技巧。）
will作名词还可表示“遗愿；遗嘱”。Never yielding to Victorian conventions,Collins had insisted upon a simple funeral in his will.(考林斯一生都不愿迎合维多利亚时代的习俗，他在遗嘱中要求在他死后只举办一个简单的葬礼。）2006 Part C

10. I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.
【译文】 我会把他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首要责任和快乐的人。
【析句】 本句的主干结构比较简单：I shall define him as an individual。但是注意修饰an individual的是一个定语从句，其宾语是the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems,介词结构（as his primary duty and pleasure in life）作其补语。
【讲词】 define在句中的含义为“定义；解释”。define sth as sth是一个常见的结构。The Chinese term of  yuanfen in common usage can be defined as the “binding force” that links two persons together in any relationship.（汉语中的“缘分”通常是表示两个人之间的“凝聚力”。）Job stress can be defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses one experiences at work.（职业压力可以定义为人们在工作时所遇到的有害的身体和情感反应。）
elect意为“选举”，但还可以表示“选择；决定”。She elected to return to work after her baby was born.（她决定孩子出生后再去做工作。）有时可以把elect译成“当作”，或根据句意不一定直译。

11. His function is analogous to that of a judge,who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
【译文】 他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。
【析句】 句子的主干是His function is analogous to that of a judge，后面是一个定语从句，修饰a judge，说明法官的职责是什么。注意revealing的宾语是the course of reasoning（推理的过程），which led him to his decision是the course of reasoning的定语，而in as obvious a matter是作状语。
【讲词】 obligation意为“职责，义务”。Then in the marriage union,the independence of the husband and wife will be equal,their dependence mutual,and their obligations reciprocal.(在一桩婚姻中，丈夫与妻子的关系是相互平等，相互依赖，彼此都应尽其责任。）
course在句中表示“过程”。
in an obvious matter是个不太常见的词组，意为“明显地，显然地”。They cannot pretend ignorance in an obvious matter.（他们显然不能假装一无所知。）

12. I have excluded him because,while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems,he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.
【译文】 我之所以把他排除在外，是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助于解决道德问题，但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实层面。
【析句】 主句是I have excluded him，而because所引导的从句又包含一个主从结构，其主句是he has not been charged… those problems，从句是while his accomplishments… moral problems。the task of approaching any实际表示the task of approaching any moral problems but the factual aspects of those problems，即他所承担的任务不是解决任何道德问题，而是处理（研究）这些问题的事实层面。
【讲词】 to be charged with意为“被控”或“承担，负责”。He also was charged with lying to federal officers.（他被控向联邦官员撒谎。）He was charged with the responsibility of designing all new public buildings.(他负责设计所有新建的公共建筑。）
approach作动词意为“接近；处理”。The officials in Honolulu knew disaster was approaching.（檀香山的政府官员知道灾难即将到来。）How should I approach the issue and solve it?（我该怎么处理并解决这一问题呢？）
13. But his primary task is not to think about the moral code,which governs his activity,any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.
【译文】 但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行动的道德规范，就如同不能指望商人专注于探索行业规范一样。
【析句】 这是一个比较句，主句的主干结构是his primary task is not to think about the moral code，定语从句（which governs his activity）修饰the moral code。理解和翻译此句的关键是理解词组any more than。
【讲词】 code有“编码；准则”的意思。the moral code（道德规范），the code of conduct（行为准则）。The moral code is simple,as it involves ones morals or for that matter judgment of others morals.（道德规范是个简单的问题，因为它涉及一个人的道德或对别人道德的判断。）
any more than意为“较……多些”，not any more than“不比……多些”。I dont like the guy any more than you do.(我并不比你更喜欢那个家伙。）There are no typical Harvard professors,any more than there are typical Harvard students.（没有什么典型的哈佛大学教授，也没有什么典型的哈佛大学学生。）

14. They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries,but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.
【译文】 他们可以教得更好，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要进行道德判断的人的问题进行独立思考。
【析句】 本句是一个转折复合句。第一个分句（They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries）相对简单，第二个分句较难之处是human problems跟了一个定语从句（which involve moral judgment）。
【讲词】 more than意为“超过”，视具体情况也可译为“不只是”。
reflection在句中是“思考，反省”的意思。independent reflection就是independent thinking的意思。This was a choice made without sufficient reflection.（做出这一选择并没有经过充分的思考。）The book contains his reflection on his experiences in Tibet.（这本书是他对自己在西藏的经历所作的反思。）

2005 Part A Text 1
15. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
【译文】 这种行为被看作是“人之常情”，其潜在的假定是：其他动物不可能具有如此高度发达的埋怨意识。
【析句】 主句是Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”，介词短语with the underlying…作伴随状语，而that引导同位语从句解释前面的名词assumption。
【讲词】 regard作动词时通常表示“看作，尊重”。Accounting may be regarded as a process of communication in a very real sense.（会计也许可以被看作是真实的交流过程。）He is a highly regarded scholar in the academic circle.（他在学术界被视为一位德高望重的学者。）
underlying表示“潜在的，根本的”。Clearly,Leftists have an underlying view of the difference between the “civilized” and “savage” races.（显然，左派人士对“文明”种族和“野蛮”种族的区别有一个基本的看法。）
capable表示“有能力”，如果与of连用可以表示“有能力做某事”。That mobs capable of any crime.（这群暴徒什么犯法的事都能做出来。）
human意为“人类的，人性的，有同情心的”，在句中表示“有人性的”，all too human意为“太具有人性的”，因而可以译为“人之常情”。

16. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta,Georgia,which has just been published in Nature,suggests that it is all too monkey,as well.
【译文】 但是由佐治亚州亚特兰大埃里莫大学的Sarah Brosnan 和Frans de Waal进行的一项研究表明猴子也具有“猴之常情”，该成果刚在《自然》上发表。
【析句】 本句的主干是a study… suggests that…,其中主语study有两个定语：一个是介词结构by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal…,另一个是which引导的非限定性定语从句。谓语动词suggests后面的that 引导一个宾语从句。
【讲词】 suggest基本意思表示“建议”,所跟的从句常用虚拟语气。It was suggested that English should be the only language spoken in the European Parliament.（有人建议欧洲议会只使用英语。）在suggest后面的从句中，英国人一般会用should＋动词原形，而美国人只用动词原形。当然suggest后面跟从句并不一定表示“建议”。I never suggested that anyone has lied or should lie.（我从没有表示过有人说过谎，或者应该说谎。）suggest还可以表示“暗示，唤起”。The arrangement of these pillars strongly suggests unity and support.（这些柱子的排列强烈暗示团结和支持。）His silence could only suggest disapproval.（他的沉默只能暗示反对。）另外，suggest有“要求；提醒”的意思。Such a crime suggests punishment.（对这样一桩犯罪应该给予惩罚。）

17. However,when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers,so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock,their behaviour became markedly different.
【译文】 但是，当两个猴子被放在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时，猴子的行为就会变得明显不同。
【析句】 本句是一个复合句，开始是when引导的时间状语从句，其中包含so that 引导的目的状语从句，而observe后面又是what引导的宾语从句；最后是主句their behavior become markedly different。
【讲词】 so that是一个连接词，在英语中十分常见，可以表示目的。How do you raise your children so that they will have healthy relationships?（你怎样培养孩子，以便使他们能够建立健康的个人关系呢？）
markedly意为“明显地，显著地”，其形容词形式为marked。He showed a marked lack of interest.（他表现出明显的兴趣不足。）

18. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all,the other  either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber,or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.
【译文】 如果一只猴子无需拿出代币就能够得到一颗葡萄，那么另外一只就会将代币掷向研究人员或者扔出房间外，或者拒绝接受那片黄瓜。
【析句】 本句是一个是由if 引导的条件状语从句，主句是the other… slice of cucumber，其中包括三个并列的谓语成分，讲述了猴子的三种反应：一tossed her own token at the researcher，二（tossed her own token）out of the chamber，三refused to accept the slice of cucumber。
【讲词】 token意为“表示,象征,记号,代币”。例如：Tears are queer tokens of happiness.（眼泪是快乐的一种奇怪的表示。）另外，as a token of或in token of表示“作为……的标志或象征”。We shook hands as a token of our friendship.（我们握手以表示我们的友谊。）by the same token表示“基于同样的理由”。By the same token,our African friends are welcome to share with us their experiences and lessons relating to foreign direct investment attraction and the buildout of economic and technological development zones.（同样，我们也愿意和非洲朋友们一起交流在吸引外资，建设经济技术开发区方面所取得的成功经验和失败教训。）

19. However,whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago,is,as yet,an unanswered question.
【译文】 但是，这种公平感是在卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立演化而成，还是来自三千五百万前他们共同的祖先，这还是一个悬而未决的问题。
【析句】 本句的主语由whether…or whether（是……还是……）结构充当，两个whether各自引导一个主语从句，而且后一个从句的宾语（ancestor）后接一个定语从句。全句的谓语由系动词(is)+表语(an unanswered question)构成。as yet是一个插入语，意思是“迄今为止”。
【讲词】 stem作名词主要表示“茎（干）、词干、家系、干线”等。作动词时意为“滋生,阻止”。He put a huge effort into trying to stem the rebellion but to no effect.（他拼命想阻止叛乱，但是没有成功。）注意stem from意为“出现”或“形成”。The CzechGerman declaration on mutual relations and their future development closed some of the controversial issues in CzechGerman relations stemming from the past.（捷克与德国关于相互关系及未来发展的声明结束了两国关系中的一些历史争端。）

2005 Part A Text 2
20. Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive,the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?
【译文】 还记得科学家们宣扬吸烟会致人死亡，而那些怀疑者们却坚持认为我们无法对此得出定论的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为缺乏决定性的证据，科学也不确定的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为反对吸烟的游说是决心摧毁我们的生活方式，而政府应该置身事外的时候吗？
【析句】 这里有三个问句，第一个问句的结构比较明了，而后两个问句则省略了Do you remember… insisted，只有两个由that引导的宾语从句。注意英语中，常会省略并列结构中的相同成分。
【讲词】 lobby作名词时意为“大厅”，作动词时表示“游说”。The President lobbied the bill through Congress.（总统游说国会通过这项提案。）作动词的lobby其名词形式可以是lobbying（游说，院外活动），也可以是lobby。进行院外活动的人、进行疏通的人或说客，英文叫lobbyer或lobbyist。
out to(do…)“力图要……的”。

posted on 2006-08-01 16:05 恩波 阅读(1391) 评论(0)  编辑  收藏 所属分类: 资料下载 网摘收藏