随笔- 1  文章- 37  评论- 20 


1. There are upsetting parallels today,as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.
【译文】 科学家们一波接着一波,试图告诫我们要认清全球气候变暖正在带来日益严重的威胁,在此情形之下现在又出现了令人不安的类似事情。
【析句】 as在句中是连接词,引导一个从句,说明在什么背景之下又出现了类似的事情。在这样的结构中,as可以翻成“当(在)……时候”,或者适度对句子进行调整。不管怎样,应该清楚There are upsetting parallels today是主句,是全句的核心。
【讲词】 parallel可以作名词(平等,并列,相似物)、形容词(平行的,相同的,并联的)、动词(相应,平等)和副词(平行地,并列地)。There are few parallels between American football and European football.(美国足球和欧洲足球没有什么相似之处。)This book is about the parallel lives of two contemporaries.(这本书是关于两个同时代人的类似生活的。)
awaken除了“叫醒,唤醒”以外,还可以表示“认识到,意识到”。注意awaken后面接介词to。People must be awakened to the danger of chemical weapons.(一定要唤起人们认清化学武器的危险性。)Awakened to the situation he was in,he was at a loss what to do.(一下子认识到他的处境,他竟然不知所措了。)

2. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences,enlisted by the White House,to tell us that the Earths atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely manmade.
【译文】 最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家,这些专家告诉我们地球气候确实在变暖,而这个问题主要是人为造成的。
【析句】 本句的主干是The latest was a panel,过去分词短语enlisted by the White House作后置定语,修饰panel。另外,不定式短语to tell us作panel的补语,而不定式短语后又接两个(间接)宾语从句,说明告诉了我们哪些情况。
【讲词】 panel表示“面板;陪审团,(专门)小组。”a(the) panel of judges(评审小组)。Congress has appointed a panel to investigate the incident.(国会任命了一个专门小组来调查这一事件。)
enlist的基本意思为“征召;参军;谋取(支持、赞助等)”。According to the law,a young man should enlist when he is eighteen.(根据法律规定,年满十八岁必须应征入伍。)The President talked to some Congressional leaders,in an effort to enlist their support for the bill.(总统与一些国会的领袖谈了话,以争取他们支持这项议案。)

3. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future,and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.
【译文】 但是科学确实为我们提供了涉及未来的最佳指导,关键是我们的国家和整个世界在做重大决策时,应该依据涉及人类现在的行为对未来产生的后果时科学所能作出的最佳判断。
【析句】 本句包含and连接的两个并列分句,其中第一个分句中的does表示强调;第二个分句中的it是形式主语,critical后面的that从句是真正的主语。在第二个分句中,judgments后面又跟了一个定语从句,以说明是什么样的judgements。注意it is critical等于it is important,后面所跟的从句实际上是虚拟语气。
【讲词】 guide可以作动词。Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world.(数千只灯笼慢慢向大海漂去,给死人返回阴间指明道路。)guide的一个派生词guidance也较常见,意为“指导”。He is now studying under the guidance of Professor Green.(他现在正在格林教授的指导下学习。)

4. Just as on smoking,voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete,that its OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure.
【译文】 就同吸烟问题一样,来自许多领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学研究还不完整,在我们确定此事之前向大气中继续排放废气是没问题的。
【析句】 本句的主干是voices now come from many quarters,现在分词短语insisting作伴随状语,后面是两个以that引导的宾语从句,其中第二个宾语从句还包含以until引导的时间状语从句。
【讲词】 quarters表示“住处,角落”。from many quarters等于from many places。living quarters表示“生活区”。
for sure 意为“确定地,确切地”。I know for sure that he must have done something terrible. 我敢肯定他一定做了什么天大的坏事。)No one knows for sure what happened to Bill. (没有人确切知道比尔出了什么事。)

5. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in,it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing,a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
【译文】 这是一个危险的游戏:等有了百分之百的证据,也许就太晚了。随着风险越来越明显并且越来越大,一个谨慎的民族现在应该准备一份保单了。
【析句】 by the 100 percent of the evidence is in实际上的意思是by the time when the 100 percent of the evidence is in,即by the time when we have the 100 percent of the evidence。
【讲词】 prudent与careful同义,反义词是imprudent。Its prudent to take a thick coat in cold weather when you go out.(天气这么冷,还是谨慎一点,出门带上件厚外套。)
take out本意是“取出;弄走;消灭”。Im going to take out my money deposited in the bank.(我打算取出存在银行的钱。)它还可以表示“发泄;消灭”。Dont take your frustration out in such an aggressive manner.(不要用这样一种攻击性的方式来发泄你的失意。)The combat pilots were ordered to take out the enemy position on the hill.(战斗机飞行员接到命令,要消灭敌人在山上所建的阵地。)

6. Instead of a plan of action,they continue to press for more research—a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.
【译文】 他们没有出台行动计划,相反只是继续要求进行更多的研究——这是一个经典的“分析导致瘫痪”案例。
【析句】 instead of 表示否定,可以译为“相反”。破折号后面的部分不是解释前面的名词research,而是说明前面的句子。paralysis by analysis 的意思是“分析导致瘫痪”,即只作研究而结果却没有采取任何行动。
【讲词】 a plan of action是固定搭配,表示“行动方案”。
paralysis表示“瘫痪,麻痹”。cerebral paralysis(脑瘫)。The trade dispute led to a paralysis of trade between the two countries.(贸易纠纷导致两国的贸易瘫痪。)注意paralysis的动词形式是paralyze。The city was paralyzed due to the demonstrations.(游行示威导致这个城市瘫痪。)
case意为“事例,病例,案例”。It is simply a case of honor.(这纯粹是一个荣誉问题。)in any case表示“无论如何;总之”。Wife beating is not allowed in Islam in any case!(不管怎样,伊斯兰教不允许殴打妻子!)in case表示“如果发生;如果;以防万一”。You need to have the room cleaned in case your son might come back tomorrow.(你需要把那个房间打扫干净,以防你儿子明天回来。)in case of意为“如果发生;万一”。In case of medical emergency,call me immediately.(一旦出现病情就立即给我打电话。)

7. To serve as responsible stewards of the planet,we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research.
【译文】 要想成为负责任的地球管理人员,我们必须加强对大气和海洋的深入研究。
【析句】 这里需要注意To serve as responsible stewards of the planet是表示一种目的,这种表达不同于as responsible stewards of the planet,因为在作者看来我们还没有成为responsible stewards of the planet。
【讲词】 steward表示“服务人员”或“管理人员”。air stewards(乘组人员)。
responsible的基本用法是to be responsible for sth or sb。Im responsible for the safety of the ship.(我对轮船的安全负责。)也可以修饰名词:a responsible position(要职)。
press作名词时可以表示“新闻界”或“出版社”。When the movie star arrives in Shanghai,he will meet the local press.(这位电影明星到达上海之后将会见当地记者。)the University Press(大学出版社)。press当动词的基本意思是“压”。The mother pressed her child against her.(母亲紧紧搂住孩子。)Hard pressed by his debts,he committed suicide.(由于债台高筑,他自寻短见了。)如果想表达“时间紧迫”,可以说“Time is pressing”。press forward(或press ahead)表示“加紧某一项工作”。We must press forward with the plan.(我们必须加紧推进这一计划。)

2005 Part A Text 3
8. A century ago,Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s,neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”—the random byproducts of the neuralrepair work that goes on during sleep.
【译文】 一个世纪前,弗洛伊德完成了其革命性的理论,认为梦掩饰我们潜意识中的欲望和恐惧;到了20世纪70年代末期,神经病学家们转而认为梦只是“精神噪音”,即梦是睡眠时神经修复工作的一种随机副产品。
【析句】 本句以分号分为两部分,前一部分的主干是Freud formulated his revolutionary theory,宾语theory后接一个that引导的同位语从句,说明theory的内容;在第二部分中,代词them指代dreams,破折号后面的部分进一步解释什么是mental noise,而定语从句that goes on during sleep修饰work。
【讲词】 formulate在这里表示“制定,规划”,同义词有:device,make,frame,invent等。formulate较正式,使用时要注意场合。
disguise与hide近义。The child could hardly disguise his interest in the book.(小孩难以掩饰对那本书的兴趣。)但是disguise强调“掩盖,伪装”:a blessing in disguise(假意的祝福)。His repeated references to his dangerous hobbies were only a disguise to cover up his insecurity.(他不时提起他喜欢冒险的嗜好,充其量只是为了掩饰他的不安全感。)
random的一个流行的用法是表示“随机”:random selection(随机选择)。

9. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat,regulating moods while the brain is “offline”.
【译文】 目前,研究人员猜测梦是大脑情感自动调节系统的组成部分,当大脑处于“掉线”状态时对情绪进行调整。
【析句】 suspect后面是that引导的宾语从句。逗号之后的现在分词短语regulating moods…作定语,解释thermostat 的意思,句末的while引导一个时间状语从句。
【讲词】 suspect意为“怀疑,不信任”,也可表示“猜想,认为”。“怀疑某人有……罪”应表达为suspect sb.of…。They suspect him of giving false evidence.(他们怀疑他提供伪证。)
regulate表示“调节,管制”:regulate the temperature of the room(调节房间的温度)。When the band came to town,the police had a hard time regulating the traffic.(乐队到了这个城市以后,警察为了管制交通着实忙乎了一阵。)
offline是计算机用语,意为“不在线,掉线”,其反义词是online(online),意为“在线”。

10. And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control,to help us sleep and feel better.
【译文】 一名主要的权威人士说,这些异常强烈的精神活动不仅能被控制,而且事实上可以有意识地加以调节,以帮助我们睡得更好,感觉更好。
【析句】 say后面是that 引导的一个宾语从句,而从句的主语成分(these intensely powerful mental events)跟了两个并列的谓语成分,一个是can be not only harnessed,一个是but(can be) brought under conscious control,后面的不定式结构to help us sleep and feel better 作目的状语。
【讲词】 authority如果是单数,通常表示“权威”。He is a noted authority on urban construction.(他是城市建设方面的著名权威人士。)如果authority用作复数,通常表示“权力机构”,与government和regime的意思差不多,但是需要注意这三个词的差别。
harness有“利用”的意思,在这一方面与make use of,tap和capitalize的意思差不多。harness可以表示“控制”。If you can harness your energy,you will accomplish a great deal.(如果你能控制你的精力,你将获得巨大成功。)

11. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night,progressing toward happier ones before awakening,suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.
【译文】 多数人似乎在入睡初期做更多不好的梦,而在快睡醒前会逐渐做开心一些的梦,这说明人们会在梦里排解白天的负面情绪。
【析句】 Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night是句子的主干,后面跟了两个现在分词结构progressing toward…和suggesting that …,都是作伴随状语,但是第一个现在分词结构的逻辑主语是most people,而第二个的逻辑主语是suggesting前面的所有句子成分。另外,在suggesting的宾语从句中,过去分词结构generated during the day 作后置定语,修饰前面的feelings。
【讲词】 progress作动词表示“进展”。Our company cannot progress until we employ more people.(我们公司只有雇用更多的人才能发展。)
generate的意思是“产生,形成,生成”:computergenerated imagery(计算机生成的图像)。When coal burns,it generates heat.(煤在燃烧时产生热量。)The situation generated widespread dissatisfaction with the peace process.(这种形势导致人们对和平进程普遍感到不满。)

12. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we dont always think about the emotional significance of the days events—until,it appears,we begin to dream.
【译文】 因为我们的意识为日常琐事所占据,所以我们不会总是考虑白天发生的事情对情绪的影响,直到我们开始做梦,这种影响似乎才出现。
【析句】 本句是一个表示关系的复合句,Because引导原因状语从句,主句是we dont always think about the emotional significance of the days events。破折号后面的until引导一个时间状语从句,其中it appears 是插入语。
【讲词】 occupy除了常见的意思“占领”以外,还表示“占用”。As I was full occupied with my own thinking,I did not hear the teacher calling my name.(我一门心思想着事,没有听到老师叫我的名字。)I was occupied with preparing for the postgraduate examinations.(我一门心思准备考研。)
significance意为“意义,含义,重要性”。It was not until the early 18th century that the significance of the event was generally realized.(直到18世纪初,人们才普遍认识到这一事件的意义。)Proper methods are needed to determine the significance of these changes.(需要恰当的方式才能确定这些变化的重要性。)

13. At the end of the day,theres probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in panic,” Cartwright says.
【译文】 卡特莱特说,说到底,只要梦不使我们无法睡眠或“从梦中惊醒”,就没有多少理由在意所做的梦。
【析句】 At the end of the day在句中作状语。句子的主句theres probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all,后面的unless 引导条件状语从句,其中包含两个以or连接的并列分句。
【讲词】 reason是一个常用词,多用作名词,也可用作动词。Theres a great deal of reason in his advice.(他的忠告极有道理。)有或没有理由去做什么事,都可以套用reason来表达。You have no reason to treat him like that.(你没有理由那么对他。)reason作动词表示“与……理论(讲道理),辩论,说服,推断”。He reasoned out a solution to the problem.(他经过推断,找出了解决问题的办法。)
at the end of the day意为“最终;说到底;归根结底”。At the end of the day,a leaders job is to get results.(领导的职责说到底就是要拿出成绩来。)At the end of the day people will learn to be more tolerant of people who dont see the world the same way.(人们最终将学会更加宽容那些世界观与我们不尽相同的人。)

2005 Part A Text 4
14. In his latest book,Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should Like,Care,John McWhorter,a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views,sees the triumph of 1960s counterculture as responsible for the decline of formal English.
【译文】 在其近作《做我们自己的事:语言和音乐的退化及为什么我们应该喜欢或在意?》中,约翰•麦克沃特——一位语言学家,一个兼有自由主义和保守主义思想的争议人物——认为60年代反文化运动的胜利应对正式英语的退化负责。
【析句】 该句子的主干是John McWhorter sees… the decline。in his latest book做状语,书名充当book的同位语。主语和谓语之间的成分是主语的同位语,说明约翰•麦克沃特的身份。本句的难点是对两个同位语的把握。
【讲词】 controversialist意为“争论者,好争论者”或“引起争议的人”,controversy意为“论争,辩论,争议”,controversial意为“争论的,争议的”。
see在句中表示“考虑;认为”,see…as意为“认为……是……”或“视……为……”。在2003年考研试卷的第一篇阅读文章中,就有类似的句子: He sees the firms outsider status as the key to its success.(他把公司的“局外人”地位视为它成功的关键。)
15. Mr. McWhorters academic specialty is language history and change,and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”,for example,to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the caseendings of Old English.
【译文】 麦克沃特先生的学术专长是语言史和语言变化。举例来说,他认为“whom”一词的逐渐消失是自然的,并不比古英语中词格尾缀的消失更让人惋惜。
【析句】 本句是一个并列句,包含两个以and连接的分句,其中第二个分句比较复杂:宾语是the gradual disappearance of “whom”,后面是插入语for example,紧跟着to be natural… of Old English作上述宾语的补足语。
句中的see是“考虑,认为”(consider)的意思。
【讲词】 specialty的意思有“专业,专长,特长,特制品”,饭店的“特色菜”也可用specialty表示。His specialty is biology,mine is physiology.(他的专业是生物学,我的专业是生理学。)Wood carving is a specialty of this village.(木雕是这个村子的特产。)

16. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s,even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page.
【译文】 在20世纪60年代以前,仅受过一般教育的人在下笔时都会寻求一种更高雅的腔调;在此之后,即使是最受人关注的文章也开始逮住口语就写在纸面上。
【析句】 句首的连词while表示“虽然”,两个even都表示让步,同时加强了前后两部分的对比;since then 意思是“从那以后”,then指的是the 1960s。本句的难点是对连词以及时间副词的理解。
【讲词】 to put pen to paper等于write的意思。to capture words on the page也是写的意思。
the modestly educated指受过一般教育的人。如果是受过很好的教育,英文就说the well educated;如果没有受过多少的教育,英文就说the little educated。
elevate表示“提起,抬高,提拔”。Reading good books elevate ones mind.(阅读好书可提高人的心灵修养。)

17. As a linguist,he acknowledges that all varieties of human language,including nonstandard ones like Black English,can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.
【译文】 作为语言学家,他承认所有的人类语言,包括像黑人语言这样的非标准语言,都具有强大的表达力——世上没有一种语言或方言无法传达复杂的思想。
【析句】 all varieties of human languages等于all human languages。本句涉及语言学的一个基本理论,即所有的语言都能表达复杂的思想。句子的主干是he acknowledges that all varieties can be expressive,谓语acknowledges后面是that引导的宾语从句。从句中主谓之间插入了介词短语including nonstandard ones like Black English。破折号后面分句对前面话语进行补充说明。
【讲词】 在英语中,acknowledge,admit,avow,confess和concede都有“承认”的意思。acknowledge表示公开承担某事的责任。He acknowledged that the purchase had been a mistake.(他承认购买那东西是个错误之举。)acknowledge还有“答谢”的意思。The author acknowledged the assistance of Professor Johnson in his research.(作者向约翰逊教授对其研究所给予的帮助表示感谢。)也可表示“公认”,常用被动语态。He is acknowledged the best player in the team.(他被公认为队中最好的球员。)

18. Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads,while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem oldfashioned to most Englishspeakers.
【译文】 俄罗斯人深爱自己的语言,并在脑海中存储了大量诗歌;而意大利的政客们往往精心准备演讲,即使这在大多数讲英语的人眼里已经过时。
【析句】 句子本身并不难,它是一个由连接词while所组成的并列句。句子的难点可能是tend to elaborate speech that would seem oldfashioned to most Englishspeakers。speech是指说话的方式,elaborate speech指说话比较繁琐,因此会让大多数讲英语的人听起来觉得oldfashioned。简言之,意大利的政治家说话太文乎,有咬文嚼字之嫌。
【讲词】 elaborate与labor是同根词,它可以是形容词(表示“精心制作的,详细阐述的”),也可以是动词(表示“精心制作,详细阐述”)。After two weeks,they came up with an elaborate plan.(经过两个星期的准备,他们拿出了一份详细的计划。)There is no need for you to elaborate on the facts.(你没有必要详尽说明事实。)2005 Part B

19. Canadas premiers(the leaders of provincial governments),if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting,might spare a moment to do something,to reduce healthcare costs.
【译文】 加拿大的省长们在7月底举行的年度会议上对渥太华抱怨了一通,如果他们还有力气的话,他们也许应该花点时间做点什么,以降低医疗费用。
【析句】 这是一个条件复合句。从句是if… annual meeting,主句是Canadas premiers… to do something,后面的to reduce healthcare costs是目的状语。
【讲词】 breath在句中意为“精力”。to have any breath left意为“还有力气或精力”。I dont have any breath to explain myself.(我没有精力为我自己解释。)Mrs. Hockin had scarcely any breath to tell us anything,as she came in through the door.(霍金夫人走进门以后几乎没有力气跟我们说话。)
spare作形容词表示“空余的;有用的”,如spare time(业余时间)。作动词时,可以表示“饶恕;安慰;使免除;节省”等。It is time for the President to spare himself the burden of leadership.(总统现在应该主动放弃领导国家的职责。)

20. Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care—to say nothing of reports from other experts—recommended the creation of a national drug agency.
【译文】 不要说别的专家所提的报告,就连罗曼诺医疗委员会和科尔比医疗委员会都建议成立一个全国性的药品机构。
【析句】 这是一个简单句,但是句中有一个插入成分,即破折号中间的成分。插入语实际上表示一种让步条件。
【讲词】 to say nothing of意为“更不要说”。I think your written English is quite good,to say nothing of your oral English.(我认为你的英语写作水平很高,更不要说你的口语了。)Those doing business in China are often frustrated by the language difficulties,to say nothing of the cultural and business practice differences.(在中国做生意的人常常会因语言障碍而感到泄气,更不要说在文化和经营惯例方面的差别了。)
creation在句中是“成立,建立,创建”的意思。The creation of the fund was made possible by a generous donation from the business community.(得益于商界各位人士的慷慨相助,基金会才得以成立。)

                                                                                                    

 

posted on 2006-08-01 16:15 恩波 阅读(1154) 评论(0)  编辑  收藏 所属分类: 资料下载 网摘收藏

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