《互动雅思语法》前言
掐指一算,朗阁的词汇语法班,我已经上了整整七个月了。淮海路总部的词汇语法课从2月底接手开始,也已经上到第四轮了。在这七个月的时间里,我接触到了无数的学生,有些基础很好,觉得语法课虽然内容简单平实,但是收获颇多,也有很多基础较薄弱的学生,觉得好像什么都不懂,什么都需要学,上课觉得心里很慌。我也一直在探索着这样一条道路:既能让基础好的学生整理语法思路,提高写作水平,又能让初学者明白语法的基本概念,写出语法正确的句子。
这些日子,我一直在探索。我先后购买了15本语法书,在没课的时间里,就在家里或社区的图书馆里埋头啃读。语法的讲义一次次在更新,教学的模式一次次在改革,对语法教学的思路一次次在明晰。
这次第三版的讲义改革,最大的特点就是强调互动性,强调所有学生的参与。因为语言的习得就是一个输入和输出的过程,语法的学习如果光依靠灌输,那么终究还是不能内化,无法变成学生自己的东西。所以就有了这个栏目。
原本《互动语法》栏目的开通是要从下一轮第三版讲义开始的,无奈这一轮还有一个很重要的语法点来不及上完,只能提前将这个互动的栏目开起来了。希望大家结合讲义自己学习,并完成后面的互动作业。
本栏目与淮海词汇语法班保持同步。欢迎词汇语法班的同学踊跃参与互动。其它非词汇语法班的学生也可参加(包括非朗阁的学生)。本栏目可脱离讲义,单独阅读。
《互动语法》是次教学方法尝试。它的成功与否有待于屏幕前各位同学的检验。敬请陆续关注本栏目。
第十一讲 虚拟语气(一)
上一节课我们学习了真实条件句。真实条件句表示说话人对主句中的动作发生的可能性较大。而当可能性比较小的时候,就要借助虚拟语气了。虚拟语气用于表达祝愿、希望、怀疑等态度,主要用于非真实条件从句。
一、虚拟语气的基本句型
|
虚拟时间
|
if
从句谓语
|
主句谓语形式
|
|
与现在事实相反
|
did/ were
|
would (should, could, might) do
|
|
与过去事实相反
|
had done/ had been
|
would (should, could, might) have done/ been
|
|
与将来事实相反
|
did/ were to/ should + do
|
would (should, could, might) do
|
讲义上
1
,
2
,
3
分别是对上面现在、过去和将来的例句。我们再来看一下几个补充例句:
1.
与现在事实相反
1)
If he were sick, he could stay at home today.
2)
If you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner.
2
.与过去事实相反
1)
If you had studied earlier, they would have passed the IELTS.
2)
Helen would have graduated with her class if she had been able to meet all the requirements in time.
3
.与将来事实相反
1)
If it snowed tomorrow, I would go skiing.
2)
If it should rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go sightseeing.
3)
If youwere to see your tutor, what would you tell her?
4
.混合虚拟语气
1)
If I were you, I wouldn’t have told that to her.
(从句现在,主句过去)
2)
Had
I taken my umbrella with me in the morning, I should not be wet now. (
从句过去,主句现在
)
高级句型
:可以把条件句中的
if
省略掉,同时把
should, were, had
等助动词提前,构成倒装句。讲义第
4
点有
3
个例句。我们再来看一下其它的几个:
1)
(现在)
If there were no air, there would be no life around the earth.
à
Were
there no air, there would be no life around the earth.
2)
(过去)
If she had been older, she might have understood this question.
à
Had
he been older, she might have understood this question.
3)
(将来)
If this were to happen again, they would be punished.
à
Were
this to happen again, they would be punished.
4)
(将来+现在)
If you should have any questions, feel free to call me.
à
Should
you have any questions, feel free to call me.
二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气
1.
表示要求、命令、想法、建议的动词之后的宾语从句中需要用虚拟语气。结构为
should+
动词原形,
should
可以省略。这些动词主要有:
|
advise
建议
|
agree
同意
|
argue
主张
|
ask
要求
|
arrange
安排
|
|
beg
恳求
|
command
命令
|
decree
裁决
|
demand
要求
|
desire
要求
|
|
determine
决意
|
direct
命令
|
insist
坚持
|
intend
打算
|
maintain
主张
|
|
order
命令
|
plead
请求
|
pray
恳求
|
prefer
提出要求
|
propose
提议
|
|
recommend
建议
|
resolve
决意
|
request
请求
|
rule
裁决
|
stipulate
规定
|
|
suggest
建议
|
urge
敦促
|
|
|
|
这些词在讲义上第二节的第
1
点上有。再补充几个例句:
1)
He proposes that the government (should) take measures to combat the widespread poverty.
2)
The doctor suggested that I (should) take this medicine three times a day.
3)
He advised that we (should) take a course for the IELTS test.
2.
表示要求、命令、想法、建议等动词的同源名词,其后的表语从句和同位语从句也要用虚拟语气。结构仍然是
(should)+
动词原形。这类名词有:
|
advice
建议
|
pray
请求
|
demand
要求
|
requirement
要求
|
propose
要求
|
|
proposal
建议
|
decision
决定
|
recommendation
建议
|
necessity
必要性
|
desire
要求
|
|
resolution
决定
|
motion
提议
|
command
要求
|
preference
提出要求
|
suggestion
建议
|
这些词在讲义上第二节的第
2
点上有。再补充几个例句:
1)
He declined my request that he (should) lecture on changing English.
2)
The decision was that we (should) get everything ready by the end of the week.
3)
The resolution that women (should) be allowed to join the society was carried.
三、其它句型中的虚拟语气
1. wish
a.
表示现在或将来未能实现的愿望:从句谓语用
were
或
would/ could/ might +
动词原形
b.
表示过去未能实现的愿望,从句谓语用
had+
过去分词
或
would/ could have+
过去分词
1)
(将来)
She is homesick now; she wishes that she could fly home and stayed with her family.
2)
(过去)
We wish that they had taken part in IELTS test last year.
2. lest, for fear that, in case
1) He hurried on lest she (should) meet him again.
2) He is working hard for fear that he should/ might / may fail.
3) The teacher explained again and again in case he (should) not understand her.
3. It’s (about/high) time that…
后加一般过去时表示将来。
e.g. It’s high time that we had a meeting.
好了,现在已经是半夜
12
点半了,今天就先讲到这里吧,还有一下几个点明天再讲。
4. would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, would prefer
5. as if/ as though
6. insist
本节课互动作业:请把下列句子翻译成英文,并及时回复在本帖内。我将对参加提交的作业进行点评。
1.
如果我现在有钱,我就会去加拿大。
2.
昨天如果他的班主任叫他去的话,他就会了解这次借贷的情况。
3.
如果明天天晴的话,我就去冲浪。
4.
他呼吁他们取消限制条件。
5.
我请求他做关于英语发展变化的讲座,他拒绝了我的请求。
6.
该对市区的交通问题采取一些措施了。
7.
妈妈怕我感冒,要我穿上毛衣。
8.
如果他去年学开车的话,现在应该拿到驾照了。
9.
要是我现在能回家该多好啊! (用if only,下节课讲)
posted on 2008-07-03 00:43
Leon 阅读(386)
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