The World is Flat
Thomas L Friedman
To Matt and Kay and to Ron
世界是平坦的
——二十一世纪简史
作者：托马斯 L 弗里德曼
翻译：段胜全
此书敬至马特、凯和罗纳
译者按
托马斯·弗里德曼（Thomas Friedman）是《纽约时报》(New York Times)外事专栏作家，按照他的观点，我们正生活在3.0版全球化时代，在十大推土机的作用之下，世界变成了平坦的。在此书中他运用了大量的实例，生动了描述了当今世界正在起的变化，并描述了这些变化的动力，也许我们读来有些夸张。
这本书提供给中国读者一个开阔的视野，看待全球化和整个世界经济的方方面面。而撇开书中观点不谈，作者生动诙谐的语言能为读者留下深刻的印象，遗憾的是译者水平有限，时间仓卒，不能在译文中生动再现。
对于有兴趣但无耐心细读英文原著的读者，这篇译文可供浏览和参考之用，如有纰误，请读者留言斧正！
2006年1月27日
Contents
How the World Became Flat
One: While I Was Sleeping / 3
Two: The Ten Forces That Flattened the World / 48
Flattener#l. 11/9/89
Flattener #2. 8/9/95
Flattener #3. Work Flow Software
Flattener #4. Open-Sourcing
Flattener #5. Outsourcing
Flattener #6. Offshoring
Flattener #7. Supply-Chaining
Flattener #8. Insourcing
Flattener #9. In-forming
Flattener #10.
The Steroids
Three: The Triple Convergence / 173
Four: The Great Sorting Out / 201
America and the Flat World
Five: America and Free Trade / 225
Six: The Untouchables / 237
Seven: The Quiet Crisis / 250
Eight: This Is Not a Test / 276
Developing Countries and the Flat World
Nine: The Virgin of Guadalupe / 309
Companies and the Flat World
Geopolitics and the Flat World
Ten:How Companies Cope
Eleven: The Unflat World / 371
Twelve: The Dell Theory of Conflict Prevention / 414
Conclusion: Imagination
Thirteen: 11/9 Versus 9/11 / 441
Acknowledgments I 471 Index I 475
目录
世界是如何被碾平的
一：当我熟睡时
二：碾平这个世界的十大推土机
第一号推土机：一九八九年柏林墙倒塌
第二号推土机：一九九五年网景（Netscape）浏览器的诞生和先前一系列的计算机技术革命。
第三号推土机：工作流程整合的软件逐渐成熟
第四号推土机：开放原始码运动（open-sourcing）
第五号推土机：业务流程外包（outsourcing）
第六号推土机：境外生产（offshoring）
第七号推土机：供应链
第八号推土机：企业业务内包（insourcing）
第九号推土机：信息搜寻革命（In-forming）
第十号推土机：高科技工具带来的数字化、行动化、个人化、与虚拟实境化（digital, mobile, personal, and virtual）等趋势
三：三重汇合
四：重新定位
美国与扁平的世界
五：美国与三大贸易
六：世界法官
七：平静的危机
八：这不是试验
发展中国家与扁平的世界
九：圣女Guadalupe的童贞
公司与扁平的世界
地缘政治与扁平的世界
十：企业如何应对
十一：不平坦的世界
十二：戴尔的防制冲突的理论
结论：空想
十三：9·11与11·9
感谢
索引
:::::How the World Became Flat
::::: 世界是如何被碾平的
::::: ONE
While I Was Sleeping
:::::一 当我熟睡时
Your Highnesses, as Catholic Christians, and princes who love and promote the holy Christian faith, and are enemies of the doctrine of Mahomet, and of all idolatry and heresy, determined to send me, Christopher Columbus, to the above-mentioned countries of India, to see the said princes, people, and territories, and to learn their disposition and the proper method of converting them to our holy faith; and furthermore directed that I should not proceed by land to the East, as is customary,but by a Westerly route, in which direction we have hitherto no certain evidence that anyone has gone.
尊敬的国王殿下，一个虔诚的天主教徒，反对伊斯兰教和一切异端邪教，决定派遣我，克里斯托弗·哥伦布，前往印度，去会见他们的王君、人民，了解他们的版图和部署，并设法让他们归属我们神圣的信仰；并且我将不依照惯例向东行进，而是向西，走一条没有人尝试过的路线到达那儿。
- Entry from the journal of Christopher Columbus on his voyage of 1492 .
——摘自克里斯托弗·哥伦布1492年的航海日记
No one ever gave me directions like this on a golf course before: "Aim at either Microsoft or IBM." I was standing on the first tee at the KGA Golf Club in downtown Bangalore, in southern India, when my playing partner pointed at two shiny glass-and-steel buildings off in the distance, just behind the first green. The Goldman Sachs building wasn't done yet; otherwise he could have pointed that out as well and made it a threesome. HP and Texas Instruments had their offices on the back nine, along the tenth hole. That wasn't all. The tee markers were from Epson, the printer company, and one of our caddies was wearing a hat from 3M. Outside, some of the traffic signs were also sponsored by Texas Instruments, and the Pizza Hut billboard on the way over showed a steaming pizza, under the headline "Gigabites of Taste!"
"瞄准微软或者IBM。” 我的球友指着第一洞后面远处的两个玻璃与钢结构建筑对我说，当时，我正站在印度南部Bangalore市区的KGA高尔夫球场上，在第一杆的位置。之前从没有人给我这样的指引。Goldman Sachs大厦还没有建好，否则他也会把它算上，三个算一组。HP和德州仪器在后九洞，顺着第十洞的方向。这还不是全部，记分员是来自爱普生打印机公司的，一个球童戴着3M公司的帽子。外面一些交通指示牌是德州仪器赞助的，而路边必胜客的广告牌正呈现着一个热气腾腾的比萨饼，大标题是"无比美味！”
No, this definitely wasn't Kansas. It didn't even seem like India. Was this the New World, the Old World, or the Next World?
不，这显然不是堪萨斯州。这也不像是印度。这是新大陆，还是旧大陆，还是下一个大陆?
I had come to Bangalore, India's Silicon Valley, on my own Columbus-like journey of exploration. Columbus sailed with the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria in an effort to discover a shorter, more direct route to India by heading west, across the Atlantic, on what he presumed to be an open sea route to the East Indies-rather than going south and east around Africa, as Portuguese explorers of his day were trying to do. India and the magical Spice Islands of the East were famed at the time for their gold, pearls, gems, and silk-a source of untold riches. Finding this shortcut by sea to India, at a time when the Muslim powers of the day had blocked the overland routes from Europe, was a way for both Columbus and the Spanish monarchy to become wealthy and powerful. When Columbus set sail, he apparently assumed the Earth was round, which was why he was convinced that he could get to India by going west. He miscalculated the distance, though. He thought the Earth was a smaller sphere than it is. He also did not anticipate running into a landmass before he reached the East Indies. Nevertheless, he called the aboriginal peoples he encountered in the new world "Indians." Returning home, though, Columbus was able to tell his patrons, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, that although he never did find India, he could confirm that the world was indeed round.
我去Bangalore市——也就是印度的硅谷，进行一次哥伦布式的探险。哥伦布同Nina、Pinta