A Common Disease Many People Have Never Heard Of(2/2) ( 本次听写约189词 )
一种人们从未听说的常见的疾病
【我的听写】
Air pollution can also cause the disease. ●Miners and others who work around some kinds of dust and chemicals are at higher risk. And children who repeatedly suffer lung infections have a greater chance of developing the disease as adults. Genetics may also play a part.
Doctors can perform a quick ●breathing test with machine called a ◆spirometer. That can help diagnose COPD. But experts say people are often not tested or treated correctly for ◆chronic ◆obstructive ◆pulmonary diseases.
Patients may not consider a continuous cough serious enough to seek medical attention. Or doctors may misdiagnose it as ◆asthma or another infection. Some of the early warning signs are a cough that will not go away and an increase in ◆mucus production. Another sign is difficulty breathing after ●minor activity like walking up stairs.
There are ways to slow the progress of the disease. Doctor say the most important thing is to stop smoking. There are medicines that can reduce ◆inflammation and open air passages. Also, exercise is often advised. If the disease is severe, a doctor may order oxygen treatment or even operations to remove lung tissue.

【参考答案】(转)
空气污染同样也能导致该疾病。采矿工人以及其他一些在有灰尘和化学物质环境下工作的人患此疾病的风险也很高。并且小时候经常肺部感染的儿童在成人时患该疾病的几率也较高。遗传也可能是一部分因素。
医生可以使用一个叫肺活量计的机器来进行快速呼吸测试，该机器有助于C.O.P.D.的诊断。但也有专家称人们即使患有此疾病往往也不能得到正确的检查及治疗。
患者可能不会想到连续的咳嗽会严重到要去寻求医疗帮助，或者医生可能会将其误诊为哮喘或其它感染。该疾病的早期体症就是咳嗽不止以及呼吸道粘液增加。另一个体症是在做一些像上楼这种轻量运动后也会感到呼吸困难。
有很多方法可以减缓该疾病的发病过程。医生指出最重要的就是戒烟。也有很多药物可以减轻炎症、畅通呼吸道，另外还建议经常做些锻炼。如果病情恶化，医生会采取氧气疗法，甚至还可能会进行手术以切除损坏的肺部组织。

Working With Clay: A How-to Guide (1/2) ( 本次听写约194词 )

【我的听写】

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Clay is found almost everywhere in the world. It is formed by the action wind and water on rocks over thousands of years. The rocks change in most chemical and physical ways. Chemically, elements like potassium and aluminum are added and taken away. Physically, the rock breaks down into smaller and smaller pieces. After a long time, some of rock changes to clay.

Clay is important is used around world to make containers of all kinds. Potters add water to soften the clay. This makes it easier to form into shapes by hand or by machines. Then it is fired in a extremely hot stove. The result is container with hot services that will last for many years.

In many countries, clay was formed volcanoes. This kind of clay usually contain many minerals. So the fires to make containers from volcanic clay must be hotter than those used for non-volcanic clay. The fire may be as hot as 1400 ℃.

It is also important to dry the clay containers slowly. This means that the highest temperature should not be reached too fast.

【参考答案】(转)

粘土可以世界上的任何地方找到，它是由岩石经过几千年的风和水的作用而形成的。岩石发生着化学和物理方面的变化。化学方面的变化，其原理就如同钾和铝的添加和分离。物理方面的变化就是岩石被分化成得越来越小。经过很长的一段时间后，一些岩石就变化成了粘土。

因为全世界都用粘土来制造各种不同类别的容器，所以它还是蛮重要的。制陶工在粘土中加入水使其变软，这样，通过手工或机器使它成型就来得容易得多；然后，将它置于非常热的窑内进行烧制，结果出来的就是一只有着坚固表面的容器，并且可以用很多年。

在许多国家，火山岩也可形成粘土，这种粘土通常含有许多矿物质。用火山粘土来制造容器的烧制温度必须比非火山粘土的烧制温度要高很多，其温度有可能要达到1400 ℃。

让粘土制成的容器慢慢地变干同样也很重要，这也就意味着达到最高温度的速度不能太快。

【我的总结】

【Essential Words】

potassium: [pə'tæsjəm] 钾

aluminum: n.[化]铝

potter: ['pɔtə] n.陶工,

clay [klei] n. 泥土,肉体,粘土

volcanic [vɔl'kænik] adj.火山的 n.火山岩

【地名小结】

Trying to Renew Trust in 'Made in China' Label (2/2) ( 本次听写约175词 )

重塑'中国制造'标记

【我的听写】

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China agreed in January of last year to do this every three months. She said China has not done so.

Li Changjiang is director of the State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection andquarantine. She said China will work to guarantee the quality of its products.

China recently closed three companies link to the Panamadeathsand the pet food scare. And it executed the former head of its food and drug administration. He was found guilty of corruption for approving unsafe drugs.

This week,China said a conference of the State Council approved a proposed special measure on the supervision of food safety. The Xinhua news agency said it calls for stronger controls over producers, greater responsibilities for government and more serious punishment for illegal activities.

But Chinese officials have accused some foreign media ofoverstating problems with goods made in China. They say food import from the U.S. also fail inspection sometimes. Next week, American and Chinese food safety officials plan to hold 5 days of meetings in Beijing to discuss cooperation.

【参考答案】(转)

中国去年一月就允诺每三个月做一次这个工作，但她表示中国实际上并没有这么做。

Li Changjiang为国家质量监督检验检疫总局局长。Meglena Kuneva表示中国要努力保证产品的质量。

最近，结合巴拿马死亡事件和宠物食品恐慌事件，中国关闭了三家公司，并对前食品药品监督管理局负责人进行了依法处置，他因受贿批准使用不安全药品而被判决有罪。

本周，中国政府表示，关于加强食品安全监督的特别规定已在国务院会议上得行了通过。新华通讯社报导中国需要加强对生产经营者的管理、进一步明确政府的责任、对违法行为要采取更严厉的处罚。

但中国官员对一些外国媒体对中国产品质量问题进行了夸大报导的行为给予了谴责，他们表示从美国进口的食品有时也检查不合格。下周，美国和中国食品安全方面的官员为商讨合作问题计划在北京举行为期5天会议。

【我的总结】

【Essential Words】

quarantine: ['kwɑ:ənti:n] n. 检疫, 隔离

execute 执行

overstate: vt.夸大的叙述, 夸张

【地名小结】

Panama deaths n. 巴拿马死亡事件

Congress Honors Norman Borlaug, Father of 'Green Revolution' (1/2) ( 本次听写约154词 )

国会荣誉诺曼位, '绿色革命'之父

【我的听写】

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American agricultural scientist Norman Borlaug has received the Congressional Gold Medal. The award is the highest civilian honor given by congress. Norman Borlaug is often called “the man who saved a billion lives” and “the Father of Green Revolution”.

His work helped fight starvation in India and Pakistan in the 1960s. He won the 1970 Nobel Peace Prize.

President Bush, House speaker N. P. and Senate Majority Leader H. R. presented him with his latest honor last week. The scientist is 93 years old. He still works as an adviser at the International Maize and WheatImprovementCenter in Mexico.

In expecting accepting the medal, he urged Congress and administration to increase development assistants for agriculture. He said the world needs better and more technology to deal with hunger. In his words: “hunger and poverty and misery are very fertilesoil into which to plant all kinds of ‘isms,’ including terrorism.”

【参考答案】(转)

美国农业科学家Norman Borlaug 已经收到了议会的黄金奖章。这个奖是议会颁布给普通平民的最高荣誉。Norman Borlaug被称为“挽救了十几亿人生命的人”和“绿色革命之父”。

在20世纪60年代，Norman Borlaug的努力工作曾帮助印度和巴基斯坦与饥饿抗争。他获得了1970年的诺贝尔和平奖。

总统布什，白宫发言人Nancy Pelosi以及参议院主要领导人Harry Reid上个星期接见祝贺他获得这个最新的荣誉。这位科学家今年93岁。他仍然在墨西哥的国际玉米和小麦改良中心担任顾问工作。

在接受这个奖章的同时，他力劝议会和有关部门增加农业开发的协助。他说，这个世界需要更多更好的技术来处理饥饿问题。用他的话说：“饥饿、贫穷和不幸是种植各种主义的沃土，包括恐怖主义。”

【我的总结】

【Essential Words】

civilian: [si'viljən] n. 平民

starvation [stɑ:'veiʃən] n. 饥饿,饿死

misery: n.痛苦, 苦恼, 悲惨, 不幸, 穷困

fertile: adj.肥沃的, 富饶的, 能繁殖的

wheat: n.小麦, 小麦色, 淡黄色, 朴实的人

maize: [meiz] n. 玉米, 黄色 adj. 玉米色的, 黄色的

terrorism ['terərizm] n. 恐怖主义;恐怖行为

【地名小结】

Pakistan n.巴基斯坦(南亚国家)

Many US Farmers Struggle With Hot, Dry Weather (1/2) ( 本次听写约196词 )

许多美国农民与炎热干燥天气斗争

【我的听写】

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Experts say soybean and cotton look better--but not very much. Federal Officials have declared all counties in Alabama a drought disaster area. That means farmers can get low-cost emergency loans. But they are asking Congress for an additional 17,000,000 $ in aid.

Ten million will go to drilling for water and regrowing pasture lands. The other money will go to cattle producers to help them recover their losses from selling early.

But drought is not the only weather problem right now for America agriculture. Recently, too much rain fell for some crops in the southeastern place Plains. Having Heavy rain and flooding in the lowland damaged weight wheat planted in the winter.

To the east, rains of 25 centimeters or more in areas struck the western Gulf of Mexico. The rains washed out fields and flooded lowlands. But farmers welcomed heavy rain for fall in early July from the Mississippi riverDelta to the southern Atlantic coastal area. Farmers have also received some welcome rains along the Corn Belts. This area includes the OhioValley and parts of Upper Midwest.

【参考答案】(转)

专家说，大豆和玉米的情况看上去要好一些，但也不是好很多.联邦官员已经宣称阿拉巴马州的所有县为干旱受灾地区。这表示该地区农民可以得到低息紧急贷款。但是他们还在向国会申请另外的一千七百万美圆作为援助。

其中一千万美圆将用来钻孔打水和重建牧场草地.其余的钱将用来补贴放牧者因为过早卖掉牲畜而带来的损失。

但是干旱并不是美国农业目前所面临的唯一天气问题.最近，在东南部平原某些庄稼遭遇到了大量雨水的侵袭.暴雨和洪水毁坏了去年冬天种在低地上的小麦。

在东部, 墨西哥湾的西部受到了25cm或更多降水量的雨水侵袭.大雨冲毁了农田，淹没了低地.但是,七月初从密西西比河三角洲到大西洋南部沿岸地区的农民还是很感谢强暴雨的.玉米种植带沿岸的农民也同样得到了一些所需要的降水。这个区域包括俄亥俄山谷和部分中西部北部地区。

【我的总结】

【Essential Words】

1.soybean  ['sɔibi:n] n. 大豆

2.federal  a. 联邦的,联合的,同盟的

3.pasture  n. 牧场,草地,牧草 vt. 放牧 vi. 吃草

4.coastal  a. 海岸的,沿海的,沿岸的

5.belt  n. 带子,皮带,腰带 v. 系腰带,抽打

struck a. 受罢工影响的n. vbl. strike的过去式和过去分词

【地名小结】

Alabama 阿尔巴马

Ohio俄亥俄州

Delta三角州, 德耳塔(希腊字母的第四个字)

Many US Farmers Struggle With Hot, Dry Weather (1/2) ( 本次听写约196词 )

许多美国农民与炎热干燥天气斗争

【我的听写】

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Heat and drought are threatening some of America n ’s most productive farm er land. The Development Agriculture says an d earlier summer heat ways wave across the West has increased demand for water to save dry crops. But in many areas, water supplies are limited. Water is also needed to fight wildfires in western states like Cal., Nevada and Washington.

Temperatures have reached about 38 degrees Celsius recently in parts of ColoradoMontana and Wyoming. The Agriculture Departments says temperatures averaged several degrees above normal. Some people in the West say they can not remember a time with last less rain in half a century. But drought conditions have been most severe in the South.

The northern part of Alabama is described as driest in about 100 years. With grass lands damaged, many farmers in MississippiGeorgia and Tennessee have no hay to feed their cows. So they have sold up to half of their cattle early.

In southernAlabama and northern Tennessee, farmers also suffered through a dry period last year. Some were hoping a big corn crop this year to sell for ethanolfuel. But the government says most of their crop is in poor or very poor condition.

【参考答案】(转)

炎热和干旱正在威胁着一些美国极其富饶的农田。农业部指出一场初夏席卷西部的热浪会增加挽救干旱作物的用水需求。但是水供应在许多地区是有局限的。在加利福尼亚州、内华达州和华盛顿等西部州区，水还要用于对森林野火的扑灭。

科罗拉多、蒙太纳、怀俄明部分地区的温度近日已达到38℃，农业部表示该温度已经比以往平均高出了好几度。西部的一些人表示在过去的50年里从未发生如此缺水的现象。但是干旱的情况在南部也极其严重。

阿拉巴马的北部地区被认为正处于近百年来最为干旱的时期。随着牧场的破坏，密西西比、乔治亚和田纳西的许多农场主已经没有干草来喂养他们的奶牛。于是他们早早地卖掉了一半的牲口。

在阿拉巴马的南部和田纳西的北部，农场主们同样在过去的一年遭受着干旱的痛苦。一些人希望今年的玉米作物的好收成来供给乙醇燃料的制造，但是政府声称他们大部分的作物处于欠收或严重欠收的状态。

【我的总结】

【Essential Words】

drought [draut]  n.干旱, 缺乏

hay n.干草

1.Celsius  ['selsjəs ] adj.摄氏的

2.ethanol  ['eθənəul] n. 乙醇,酒精

【地名小结】

1. Nevada  内华达

2. Colorado  科罗拉多

3. Montana  蒙太纳

4. Wyoming  怀俄明

5. Alabama  阿拉巴马

6. Mississippi  密西西比 7. Georgia  乔治亚 8. Tennessee  田纳西

Seeing Pressures but Also Possibilities in Urban Growth　(2/2) ( 本次听写约156词 )都市人口增长可能性的压力

【我的听写】

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The report says the possible good of urbanization faroutweighs the bad. The task is to learn how to make the best use of the possibilities. For example, cities can have a lot of poverty, yet they also represent the best hope for poor people to escape poverty, it says. “Cities create environmental problems, but they can also create solutions.”报告指出都市化好的可能性要远于坏价值的一面.任务是要学会如何运用可能性.例如,城市有大量穷人,但是也提出了穷人有逃离贫穷的希望.”城市有环境问题,但也能有解决方案”

The United Nations report says climate change will affect poor countries, cities and individuals more severely. Yet many fast-growing cities are more concerned with economic growth than with protecting themselves against climate change. 联合国报告表示气候改变会更严重地影响到贫困人群、城市以及个人.但是快速人口增长的城市更关心经济增长而不是保护自己，避免气候变化带来的危害。

On a separate issue, China last week denied a newspaper story about a World Bank report on the cost of pollution in that country. The Financial Times reported that Chinese officials persuade the bank to remove information they thought could cause social unrest. 另外有分歧问题,上周中国否认世界银行在一则新闻报道上关于中国污染成本的报告. 《金融时报》报道中国政府劝说银行去除会引起社会动荡的报告。

The information reportedly said air and water pollution cost caused about 750,000 early deaths in China each year. 这则报道据说指出在中国空气和水污染每年造成75万的过早死亡。

【参考答案】(转)

报告认为城市化利远大于弊，任务在于如何最大化地挖掘潜力。比如说，城市也许拥有很多贫困人口，但是，城市也同样为他们摆脱贫困提供了最大的希望，报告指出。“城市制造着环境问题，但也能创造出解决办法。”

联合国报告表示气候改变会更严重地影响到贫困人群、城市以及个人。但是许多高速发展的城市更关心经济增长而不是保护自己，避免气候变化带来的危害。

另外，中国上周否认了一则报纸报道，内容是世界银行关于中国污染成本的报告。《金融时报》透露，中国游说银行，试图删除他们认为会引发社会动乱的信息。

这则报道据说指出在中国空气和水污染每年造成75万的过早死亡。

【我的总结】

outweigh vt. 比…为重,比…重要,比…有价值

urbanization [ə:bənai'zeiʃən] n. 都市化

severely adv.严格地, 激烈地

unrest [ʌn'rest] n.不安的状态, 动荡的局面

reportedly adv.据传说, 据传闻

Seeing Pressures but Also Possibilities in Urban Growth 　(1/2) ( 本次听写约200词 )

都市人口增长可能性的压力

【我的听写】

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Soon, more of us will be living in cities than in rural areas. Population experts at the United Nations had thought that would happen by this year. Lately their estimate is that in 2008, for the first time in history, more than half of the world population will be in urban areas.

The United Nation Population Found just released its yearly “State of World Population” report. Researchers say three-and-a-third billion people will be living in urban areas next year. By 2030,the estimate is almost 5 billion. The fastest growth will be in Asia and Africa.

Poor people will make upmost of the urban growth. And natural increase will be the main cause of that growth, not migration from rural areas. The report says mega-cities of more than 10,000,000 people have not grown to the sizes once expected. Most growth is expected instead in smaller town and cities.

The experts urge governments to improve social services and city planning policies. For example, the report calls for better land use so poor people do not have to live in slums. Today and estimated 1 billion live in these often polluted and dangerous environments. 90% of the people are in the developing countries.

【参考答案】(转)

很快地，我们当中更多的人将居住在城市而不是农村地区。联合国人口学专家曾认为这种情况今年之前就会发生。他们最近估计在2008年，世界上的城市居民将在历史上首次超过半数。

联合国人口基金会刚刚发布了一份年报《世界人口状况》。研究者指出明年将有三十又三分之一亿的人口居住在城市。而到2030年，估计近50亿。亚洲和非洲将呈现最快速的增长。

贫穷人口将将占据城市增长的大部分，自然增长而非农村移民是增长的主要原因。报告表示拥有超过一千万人口的特大城市将不会增长到如预期般程度，大部分增长将出现在更小规模的城镇和城市。

专家敦促政府改善社会福利和城市规划政策，比如，报告呼吁要求更有效的土地利用，以保障贫困居民不必居住在平民窟。目前，约十亿人口住在这些屡受污染以及治安状况糟糕的环境中，其中90％来自发展中国家。

【我的总结】

migration [mai'greiʃən] n.移民,

Staying Healthy by Washing Your Hands　(1/2) ( 本次听写约182词 )

洗手有助健康

【我的听写】

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学号:74   

Hand washing is a powerful way to prevent the spread of disease. The World Bank, the United Nations and the LandonSchools of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine did a study to urge hand washing around world. They found that 1,000,000 lives could be saved each year if people washed their hands with soap often. They said that programs to increase hand washing with soap could be among the most effective ways to reduce the infections disease. Doctors say many diseases can be prevented form spreading by hand washing. These include pinworms, influenza, the common cold, hepatitisA, meningitis and infectious diarrhea. 洗手是一个有效的方式来防止疾病传播. 世界银行、联合国和伦敦卫生保健和热带医学学院致力研究倡导全世界人来习惯洗手。他们发现每年有一百万人如果肥皂洗手就不必死亡。他称增加肥皂洗手习惯项目可能是最有效减少传染性疾病传播的手段之一。医生指出许多疾病的传播可由洗手加以防止。这些疾病包括蛲虫病、流感、普通感冒、甲肝、髓膜炎和传染性痢疾。

Hand washing destroys germs from other people, animals or objects a person has touched. When people get bacteria on their hands, they can infect themselves by touching their eyes, nose or mouth. Then these people can infect other people.洗手可以杀死来自人类、动物或接触物体的细菌。当人们手上沾有细菌时，他们会通过接触眼睛、鼻子或嘴传播给自己。然后，再传染给别人。

The experts say the easiest way to catch a cold is to touch your nose or eyes after someone nearby has sneezed or coughed. Another way to become sick is to eat food prepared by some one whose hands were not clean.专家表示最感冒的方法是在周围有人打喷嚏或咳嗽后，用手接触自己的鼻子或眼睛。另外一种生病的方法是别人用不干净的手做的食物。

【参考答案】(转)

洗手可以有效阻止疾病传播。世界银行、联合国和伦敦卫生保健和热带医学学院作此研究，并在全世界提倡洗手习惯。 他们发现如果人们经常使用肥皂洗手，将有一百万人不必死亡，他们还表示，推动肥皂洁手的计划可能是减少传染性疾病传播的最有效手段。医生指出许多疾病的传播可由洗手加以防止。这些疾病包括蛲虫病、流感、普通感冒、甲肝、髓膜炎和传染性痢疾。

洗手能杀死来自人类、动物或接触物体的细菌。当人们手上沾着细菌时，他们自己会通过接触眼睛、鼻子或嘴巴而受到感染。然后，这些人又再感染别人。

专家表示最容易感冒的途径是在周围有人打喷嚏或咳嗽后，用手接触自己的鼻子或眼睛。还有一种生病的途径是食用双手并不清洁的人制作的食物。

【我的总结】

Hygiene ['haidʒi:n] n. 卫生保健

Tropical Medicine ['tr ɔ pikl] 热带医学

pinworm ['pinwə:m] n. 寸白虫,蛲虫

influenza [influ'enzə] n. 流行性感冒

hepatitis [hepə'taitis] n. 肝炎

meningitis [menin'dʒaitis]  n. 髓膜炎

diarrhea [daiə'riə] n. 痢疾

Banks Look to Expand Microfinance Services　(2/2) ( 本次听写约171词 )

银行寻求扩大小额信贷服务

【我的听写】

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学号:74   

The network is an alliance of 24 major banks and microfinance lenders in 15 countries. Members include Citigroup in the U.S., ING and Triodos Bank of the Netherlands, Equity banks of Kenva and Banco Azteca of Mexico. 这个网络是由24家主要的银行以及15个国家的信贷领导人联盟组成的,成员包括美国花旗集团,ING, 荷兰Triodos银行, 肯亚股权银行和墨西哥的Banco Azteca.

Women’s World Banking offers support, advice and training to more than 50 microfinance organizations. The group says it has helped 23,000,000 people in 43 countries receive financial services over the last 30 years. Most but not all of the borrowers are women. 世界妇女借贷银行对超过50家信贷组织提供支持，咨询和培训。据说在过去的30年间帮助了43个国家的2千3百万人享受了贷款服务。绝大多数是妇女。

As more commercial banks enter microfinance, Mary Ellen Iskenderian says women must continue to be served, to reduce poverty. She says research has shown that for every dollar a female borrower earns from her business, 98 cents is reinvested.

Women use their earnings to educate their children and to improve their homes and communities, she says. A similar male borrower, she says, will reinvest only 60 cents. The idea for Women’s World Banking came out of the first United Nations Conference on Women, held in Mexico City in 1975。更多的银行参与了信贷服务，Mary Ellen Iskenderian称妇女继续受到服务来减少贫困。她称研究现示一个妇女借贷者对从生意中得到的每个美元中，98美分用于再投资，，她称妇女用她们得到的钱来教育子女，改善家庭和社区。而同样男性借贷者仅会用60美分用于再投资。世界妇女借贷银行的想法提出在1975年墨西哥城举行的首届联合国妇女大会上。

【参考答案】(转)

【我的总结】

alliance n. [ə'laiəns] 联盟

reinvest [ri:in'vest] vt 再投资

Equity bank 股权银行

Microfinance group 信贷组织

Citigroup【金融】(美国) 花旗集团

ING Inertial Navigation and Guidance 惯性导航与制导

the Netherlands n. 荷兰

Kenya ['kenjə] n. 肯亚

Mary Ellen Iskenderian  (人名)