
2007年6月27日
Are the World’s Institution Lenders Ready to Reform? (1/2)
The African Development Bank held its yearly meeting in Shanghai, China earlier this month. The bank's chief economist announced the economic growth rate in Africa is expected to reach 6% this year. This is the highest in 20 years. Foreign demand for natural resources, especially oil, has helped create the growth.
Dennis de Tray is vice president of the Center for Global Development in Washington, D.C. He says that 6% economic growth in Africa is good. But he says long-term development on the continent will be a problem for generations.
Mister de Tray led a working group last year that provided independent advice to the bank's shareholders and its president, Donald Kaberuka. The
Rwandan
economist took over leadership of the African bank in 2005. 10 years earlier, the economic security of the African Development Bank had been in question. It was almost out of money.
Mister de Tray says needed reforms at the African bank are different from reforms announced at a meeting of the Asian Development Bank. That bank met earlier this month in
Kyoto
, Japan. Mister de Tray believes the Asian Development Bank is facing an
identity
crisis. The countries receiving the most money are becoming established nations with rich resources
How Foreign Citizens Become Doctors in the US (1/2)
We continue our Foreign Student Series this week with a question from a doctor at a hospital in Vietnam. Tran Kinh Thanh in Ho Chi Minh City asks how a foreign doctor can become an American doctor.
One way is to complete a medical
residency
in the United States. A residency is a period of hospital training for medical school graduates. To be accepted, foreign-trained doctors need approval from the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates. The process involves passing several tests. After that, foreign doctors can receive a visa to stay in the United States, at least for the training period.
Practicing medicine in the United States also involves other steps. But the first thing that foreign-trained doctors have to do is make sure they attended a recognized medical school. It has to be listed in the FAIMER International Medical Education Directory. FAIMER is the Foundation for
Advancement
of International Medical Education and Research.
If their school is not listed, then foreign-trained doctors cannot be approved for a residency. One solution is to go back to medical school -- an American medical school.
How Foreign Citizens Become Doctors in the US (2/2)
125 schools in the United States belong to the Association of American Medical Colleges. The group says more than 1100 foreign citizens applied for the current school year. One-fourth of them were admitted last fall.
Almost all medical schools in the United States require
applicants
to report scores from the Medical College Admission Test.
Future doctors in the United States traditionally complete 4 years of medical school after undergraduate school. Then, as
residents
, they treat patients under the supervision of experienced doctors. A residency is generally between 3 and 7 years. The first year is called an intership.
The Association of American Medical Colleges publishes a book called Medical School Admissions Requirements. The newest one is for 2008-2009. The guide has details about every school as well as information for foreign students. The book costs 25 dollars and can be ordered through the association's Web site.
Breaking Into News: Journalism Education in US (1/2)
A student at vietanm National University has a question for our Foreign Student Series. Phuong Lan wants to earn a master's degree in the United States and would like to know about journalism programs.
109 programs are recognized by the
Accrediting
Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications. Some of the best-known include the ones at the University of Southern California, the University of Missouri and the University of North Carolina. They also include the journalism schools at Columbia University in New York City and Northwestern University in Illinois.
Northwestern, for example, has the Medill School of Journalism. Medill says it provides its graduate students with the chance to study and work in the real world. Local newspapers and television stations carry their reports on government, crime and civic issues in the Chicago area. Other subjects include magazine publishing and Web design. And the Medill News Service offers experience reporting in Washington.
Breaking Into News: Journalism Education in US (2/2)
Graduate students at Medill can expect to pay more than 58000 dollars this coming school year. That includes a place to live, meals, books and costs like health
insurance
.Medill also has an undergraduate program.
Medill scholarships or financial aid are not available to international students. Foreign students are advised to seek aid from their home country or groups like the Inter-American Press Association Scholarship Fund. Scholarship winners from Latin America and the
Caribbean
spend a year at a journalism school in the United States or Canada.
Journalism schools offer professional degrees, and some offer doctorates. Students may be able to earn a joint degree with another program like law or public policy.
It is true that the value of a journalism degree has been a traditional subject of debate among people in the media. But journalism schools offer training in skills like reporting, writing and production. They also teach about legal issues like
plagiarism
and libel law and freedom of speech. In addition they may offer classes in other areas, including public relations.
Foreign Student Series: Studying Religion in the US (2/2)
An accredited school is one that has passed
inspection
by a rating group like the association. All of the schools are Christian. But other schools train leaders in
Judaism
, Islam, Buddhism
and other faith traditions.
The Fuller Theological Seminary opened in 1947. It has 3 schools: Theology, Intercultural Studies and Psychology. It also has a center for lifelong learning. Students at Fuller can earn a doctor of ministry degree or more than 20 other graduate degrees. Examples include a master's degree in
marital
and family
therapy
and a master's in global leadership.
There are also degree programs taught in Korean and Spanish. And Fuller admits some students through its English as a second language program. Some degree programs cost more than others. One year at Fuller can cost anywhere from 12000 to 24000 dollars.
International students can apply for scholarships and grants. But Fuller says that normally they will not be permitted to work during the time of their studies. The same is true for family members.
'Two Faces of Asia' Test Future of Development Bank (1/2)
The Asian Development Bank was created in 1966, 2 years after the African Development Bank. Today both of them are talking about needed reforms to better serve their member countries. Last month we looked at the issues in Africa where there is still widespread need for development aid.
The situation is different for the Asia-Pacific area. The Asian Development Bank was created to raise money from rich industrial nations for loans to support economic growth. Now there are
surpluses
in Asia, and less and less need for those loans.
Rajat Nag is managing director general of the bank; we called him in
Manila
. He says the bank is debating how to deal with the two faces of Asia. Economic growth in many countries has been great -- ten percent a year in China, for example. The bank's members have about 2
trillion
dollars in savings that could be invested. Yet more than 600 million people in Asia are still without clean water.
Bringing Color to Life With Natural Dyes (2/2)
Mix 8 grams of alum with 7 grams of cream of tartar in a small amount of hot water. Add the solution to a metal pan of cool water. Next, add the wool and place the mixture over heat. Slowly bring the liquid to 82 degrees
Celsius
. Heat the mixture for 45 minutes. After it cools, remove the wool and wash it.
To prepare the dye solution, cover 30 grams of onionskins with water. Use only the dry, brown outer skins. Boil the liquid until the onionskins lose their color, about 45 minutes,. Remove the skins after the dye cools.
Now it is time to dye the wool. Place the wool into the dye and heat the mixture. Bring it to a boil, then immediately reduce the heat to 82 degrees. Now heat the dye for about 45 minutes or until the wool is the desired color. Keep in mind that wet wool looks darker than it is.
Once the dye cools, remove the wool and wash it. Now the wool is orange or yellow. Or at least it should be.
Something a Bone Will Never Say: Give Me a Break (2/2)
People who are seriously injured can go into shock. They might feel cold, dizzy and unable to think clearly.
Shock
requires immediate medical attention. But while broken bones can be painful, they are generally not life-threatening. Treatment depends on the kind of fracture. A doctor takes X-rays to see the break and sets a broken bone to make sure it is in the correct position.
Severe breaks may require an operation to hold the bone together with metal plates and
screws
Next, a person usually gets a castput around the area of the break. The hard bandage holds the bone in place while it heals. Casts are usually worn for 1 to 2 months. In some cases, instead of a cast, a splint made of plastic or metal will be secured over the area to restrict movement.
Doctors say broken bones should be treated quickly because they can restrict blood flow or cause nerve damage. Also, the break will start to repair itself, so you want to make sure the bone is
lined up
correctly.
Bones need calcium and vitamin D to grow and reach their full strength. Keeping your bones strong with exercise may also help prevent fractures.
posted @ 2007-06-27 14:13
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