posted @ 2009-02-17 10:39
lisle 阅读(9) |
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编辑 收藏Sentir is a very common verb that typically means "too feel." It usually refers to feeling emotions, but it can also refer to physical sensations.
Sentir commonly appears in the reflexive form sentirse. The difference in using sentir and sentirse is that sentir is typically followed by a noun, while sentirse is followed by an adjective or adverb describing how a person feels. Otherwise their meanings are essentially the same.
Here are some examples of sentir used to describe emotional feelings:
- El atleta dijo que sentía alegría y satisfacción por el logro del campeonato. The athlete said he felt joyful and satisfied about attaining the championship.
- Siento pena y tristeza por ello. I feel shameful and sad about it.
- Siente felicidad por ser abuela. She feels happy about being a grandmother.
- Me siento enojada y frustrada. I feel angry and frustrated.
Here are examples of
sentir being used with physical sensations. Although in most of these cases you could probably translate
sentir as "to sense," usually it would be better to translate based on the context:
- Puedo sentir pasos en la azotea. I can hear footsteps on the roof.
- Él me dijo que sentía olor a muerte. He told me he smelled death.
When
sentirse de refers to a body part, it usually indicates the sensation of pain:
Me siento de la cabeza. I have a headache.
Standing by itself, sentir can indicate sorrow or regret: Lo siento mucho. I'm very sorry.
Sentir also can be used as a noun to refer to feelings or sentiments:
- El sentir y el pensar son dos funciones de le mente. Feeling and thinking are two functions of the mind.
- El presidente representa el sentir del pueblo. The president represents the feelings of the people.
- Tenía una vida dedicada a la promoción del sentir indígena. He had a life dedicated to the promotion of indigenous sentiment.
- Las almas no nos permitieron matar sin sentir. Our souls did not allow us to kill unfeelingly.
- Entiende muy bien el sentir de la calle. He understands very well the feelings on the street.
posted @ 2009-02-17 10:15
lisle 阅读(7) |
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编辑 收藏The imperative form of verbs, used for giving commands, is one of the more unusual verb forms in Spanish. As a distinctive conjugation, it exists only with
tú and
vosotros, that is, in the familiar second person. Different conjugations are sometimes used in the affirmative (do something) and negative (don't). And because direct commands sometimes can sound rude or impolite, the imperative form is avoided sometimes in favor of other verb constructions.
The imperative form of verbs is fairly easy to learn. For regular verbs, the familiar affirmative imperative (the one that goes with tú and vosotros) is formed simply by dropping the final letter (the r) of the infinitive, except for verbs ending in -ir, in which case the ending is changed to -e; in the plural, the final letter of the infinitive is changed to a d. (See examples below.) That's all there is to it. For formal and negative commands, the subjunctive conjugation is used.
The imperative form is equivalent to the use of the unconjugated verb in English without a subject. For example, if you're telling someone in English to look, the command is simply "look." The Spanish equivalent can be mira, mire, mirad or miren, depending on whom you are speaking to. The chart below shows the imperative forms; boldface is used to show the ends attached to verb stems:
Direct commands for -ar verbs (using hablar, to speak, as an example):
- singular familiar: habla tú, no hables tú (speak, don't speak)
- singular formal: hable Ud., no hable Ud. (speak, don't speak)
- plural familiar: hablad vosotros, no habléis vosotros (speak, don't speak)
- plural formal: hablen Uds., no hablen Uds. (speak, don't speak)
Direct commands for -er verbs (using comer, to eat, as an example):
- singular familiar: come tú, no comas tú (eat, don't eat)
- singular formal: coma Ud., no coma Ud. (eat, don't eat)
- plural familiar: comed vosotros, no comáis vosotros (eat, don't eat)
- plural formal: coman Uds., no coman Uds. (eat, don't eat)
Direct commands for -ir verbs (using escribir, to write, as an example):
- singular familiar: escribe, no escribas tú (write, don't write)
- singular formal: escriba Ud., no escriba Ud. (write, don't write)
- plural familiar: escribid vosotros, no escribáis vosotros (write, don't write)
- plural formal: escriban Uds., no escriban Uds. (write, don't write)
The pronouns are included in the above chart for clarity. When used, they follow the verb as shown. The familiar pronouns (
tú and
vosotros) are usually omitted in actual use unless needed for clarity or emphasis, while the formal pronouns (
usted and
ustedes) are more often used.
Use of the imperative is fairly straightforward. Here are some guidelines for cases where its usage might not be obvious:
- The singular affirmative familiar imperative (used with tú) is usually regular. The irregular verbs are these eight, along with verbs derived from them: decir (to say), di; hacer (to make or do), haz; ir (to go), ve; poner (to put), pon; salir (to leave), sal; ser (to be), sé; tener (to have), ten; venir (to come), ven. All verbs are regular in the plural affirmative familiar imperative.
- The vosotros commands are rarely used in Latin America. Normally, the ustedes form is used when speaking even with children or relatives.
- Object pronouns and reflexive pronouns are attached to the affirmative commands and precede negative commands. Dime. (Tell me.) No me digas. (Don't tell me.) Escríbeme. (Write to me.) No me escribas. (Don't write to me.) As you can see, when a pronoun is attached an accent may need to be added to the verb to maintain the correct pronunciation. If there are both a direct and indirect object, the indirect object comes first. Démelo. (Give it to me.) No me lo dé. (Don't give it to me.)
- In written instructions, either the familiar or formal forms can be used, depending on the tone the writer wishes to convey as well as the audience. The familiar form generally comes across as friendlier. Haz clic aquí. (Click here.) Haga clic aquí. (Click here.) An impersonal command also can be used.
- Some writers put commands between exclamation points to help indicate that they are commands. When used in that way, the exclamation marks don't necessarily translate to written English. ¡Escucha! (Listen.)
posted @ 2009-02-17 09:58
lisle 阅读(20) |
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