1.   But studies show 80 percent of all deaths from these chronic illnesses occur in low and middle-income countries.

但是研究表明80%的这些慢性病死者来自中低收入国家。

chronic

(esp of a disease) lasting for a long time; continually recurring （尤指疾病）长期的, 慢性的; 连续复发的:

* chronic bronchitis, arthritis, etc 慢性支气管炎、关节炎等

* the country's chronic unemployment problem 国家的长期失业问题.

2.   When people move from rural to urban, there are major changes in their life, such as a decrease in physical activity, a change in dietary patterns, and increase in fast food and a decrease in fruit and vegetable consumption, for example,

当人们从乡下移居到城里，他们的生活会发生巨大的改变，例如运动量的减少，饮食习惯的改变：如快餐摄入量的增加和蔬菜摄入量减少.

rural

of, in or suggesting the countryside 乡村的;在乡村的;有乡村特点的:

* life in rural Britain 英国的乡村生活

consumption

(a) using up of food, energy, resources, etc （食物、能量、资源等的）消耗:

* The meat was declared unfit for human consumption. 这种肉已宣布不适宜人们食用.

(b) quantity used 消耗量:

* We have measured the car's fuel consumption. 我们测量了这辆汽车的汽油消耗量

3.   Voute says obesity is another major risk factor. She says Africa bears a double burden of malnutrition, that of underweight children and of overweight adults.

V称肥胖是另外一个重要危险因素。她称非洲正遭受营养不良的双重负担：即儿童的体重不足和成人的超重。

obesity

the condition of being obese; increased body weight caused by excessive accumulation of fat.

肥胖；由于积累过多脂肪而使体重增加

4.   It says growing obesity among children is leading to the early onset of type-2 diabetes and to the early onset of fatty streaks in the arteries.

该组织表示，儿童肥胖将会引起早期2型糖尿病的发作和早期动脉脂肪增生。

onset

vigorous beginning

(esp of sth unpleasant) （爆发性的）开始（尤指不愉快的事）:

* the onset of winter 冬天的突然降临

* the onset of glandular fever 腺热病的发作.

artery

(a)  any of the tubes carrying blood from the heart to all parts of the body 动脉.

(b)  important route for traffic or transport, eg a road, railway line or river 干线（交通或运输的重要路线, 如公路、铁路线或河流）.

5.   It says these conditions can eventually lead to premature death.

该组织称这些情况都会最终引起过早死亡。

eventually

adv.（副词）

finally; at an unspecified future time:

最后，最终：在未来某一不确定时间的：

*eventually rose to the position of vice president.

最终升到了副总裁的职位

premature

(a) happening before the proper or expected time 提前的; 过早的; 未到期的:

* A fire in the gallery caused the premature closing of the exhibition. 在美术陈列室里发生的火灾迫使展览会提前结束.

(b) (of a baby, its birth, etc) born or occurring at least three weeks before the expected time （指婴儿、其出生等）早产的比预产期至少提前叁周:

* The baby was five weeks premature. 这个婴儿是提早五周生下来的.'

6.   Beginning in March, the fish start the arduous journey 800 kilometers upriver from the Pacific Ocean. These Spring Chinook salmon are heading for the Wanatchee River and Icicle Creek, in the shadow of the majestic Cascade Mountains.

从三月开始，大马哈鱼自太平洋向上游出发开始了长达800千米的艰辛旅途。这些大马哈鱼的目的地是巍峨的喀斯山脉附近的瓦纳齐河和冰溪。

arduous

adj needing much effort or energy; laborious 艰巨的; 费力的:

* an arduous task 艰巨的任务

* The work is arduous and the hours are long. 工作吃力, 时间又长.

majestic

adj having or showing majesty; stately; grand 威严的; 壮丽的; 高贵的; 宏伟的:

* The great ship looked majestic in her new colours. 这艘巨轮着上新漆显得很雄伟.

7.   One unique characteristic of salmon is they will come back to the same natal stream or area where they were born and raised.

大马哈鱼一个特性就是它们会回到当初出生的小河或长大的地方。

characteristic 

distinguishing feature 与众不同的特徵:

*What characteristics distinguish the Americans from the Canadians? 美国人和加拿大人的特徵有什么不同?

natal   adj.（形容词）

Of, relating to, or accompanying birth:

出生的：属于，关于，或伴随出生的：

natal injuries.

先天的残伤

8.   For them, salmon provide a source of nutrition and inspiration.

对他们来说，大马哈鱼给他们提供了营养和灵感。

nutrition

 (process of giving and receiving) nourishment; food 营养; 滋养; 食物:

* This food provides all the nutrition your dog needs. 该食品含有狗所必需的一切营养。

9.   It's getting very scarce for our people.

现在它们对我们来说十分的稀少

scarce

(a) not easily obtained and much less than is needed 难获得而不足的:

* scarce resources, supplies, etc 资源、供应等不足

* It was wartime and food was scarce. 那时是战争时期, 食物短缺. Cf 参看 plentiful. 

(b) [作表语] not often found; rare 稀有; 罕见:

* This book is now scarce. 这书现在很难得.