口语文化课程 20课时主讲：David
“3+2口语文化加工模式”：
3道程序：Input;Design;Output
2个目的：Intensive Communication;Effective Communication
每课分为四个部分：
Cultural Background，Cultural Difference，Cultural Tips，Cultural Notes
【Cultural Background】
American Family
When American say“family”，they mean a nuclear family nuclear family of mom, dad and the kids. An ideal family: father is usually the breadwinner of the family, so his wife doesn’t have to go out to work. The nurturing mother can take care of their kids. Children are raised to be independent and cautious, with a strong sense of self-esteem.
It is almost an imagined “American family”. In reality, there is no such thing as an “American family”.
当美国人提起“家庭”时，他们是指由爸爸，妈妈，孩子组成的核心家庭。一个理想的家庭：父亲是家里的主要经济来源，这样他的妻子不必外出工作。体贴的母亲能够照顾他们的孩子。孩子们要被培养成独立、细心、有强烈自尊感的人。
这样的家庭几乎是想象出来的。实际上，几乎找不到这样的家庭。
【Cultural Difference】
In general, a Chinese family is composed of a couple and their children. We are now following the one-child policy，so most of the families have only one child. But the extended families with three generations can also be found in china.
The Chinese people attach great importance to relations between family members and relatives. In China, grown-up children have the duty to support and help their parents.
一般来说，中国家庭由父母和孩子组成。我们现在实行计划生育政策，所以大部分家庭只有一个孩子。但三代同堂的家庭依然可以见得到。
中国人很注重家人和他们与亲戚间的关系。在中国，长大后孩子们有义务要照顾他们的父母亲。
延展：
How surprised the mother duck was when the biggest egg in her nest finally hatched.But the creature that emerged from the broken shell looked nothing like the rest of her brood.
“Look how big he is”the mother said to her ducklings.”Much bigger than any of you.”
“Ugly,too,”one of the ducklings agreed.”Our feathers are yellow,but his are a dull gray.”
“He doesn’t talk like us,either,”quacked another duckling.
The ugly duckling was so mistreated by the others that he ran away.He found a group of wild ducks living on a pond nearby,but when he tried to join them,they said the same things about him.
“You don’t look like us!”
“You don’t talk like us!”
“Go away!”
Finding a family of one’s own is a major theme in literature,especially children’s literature.Humans come into the the world with a longing to belong to one group of people above all others,to be loved and accepted and cherished unconditionally,as the ugly duckling finally was.
How do families satisfy that innate desire to belong?Perhaps the basic coponent is sharing.Families share a history,a present,and hopes for the future.
“Happy families are all alike,”Leo Tolstoy wrote in Anna Karenina.While everyone may not agree with the Russian novelist,it is obvious to folklorists that families share many similar traditions and customs—conducting ceremonies to mark special days or milestones in family members’ lives;celebrating holidays in unique ways;telling jokes and using phrases that no one but family members understand.All of these distinguishing characteristics and many,many more sketch out the identity of a family.They clearly mark one group of people as a unit,as being inside certain boundaries,and just as clearly show that others are outside.
One modern commentator on the breakup of the family said,”Every divorce is the death of a small civilization,”and “a small civilization”is one good way to define a family,because a family’s customs and traditions—its folklore—marks it as a unique entity,a small civilization of its own.
Defining “family” has become a topic of intense debate in the 21st century,with sometimes heated disagreement over the components of a family.Rather than define family by its composition,however,author Edith Schaeffer defines it by function.According to her book,What is a family,a family is
1.a mobile unit of connected human beings who interact in constantly changing patterns,”affected by each other,inspired by each other,helped by each other,with roots in the past and streching out into the future.”
2.the birthplace of creativity,where an atmosphere of trust brings forth a sharing of ideas and an attempt to make something new.”Creativity needs an audience,some appreciation,the response of another human being,as well as…freedom…”
3.a formation center for human relationships,”the place where the deep understanding that people are significant,important,worthwhile,with a purpose in life,should be learned at an early age.”
4.a shelter in the time of storm,where “the knowledge of what is necessary for basic care…and thoughtfulness…should be absorbed through years of living…pleasant moments in the middle of misery,assurance of love in the midst of fear….”
5.an educational context,where the reponsibility is met to educate both the next generation and the one that comes after,training children “intellectually,spiritually,culturally,emotionally—in things of creativity,in understanding the whole of history,in relationships with other people……”
6.a museum of memories,where overlapping recollections can be shared,integrated,and treasured.
【Cultural Tips】
虽然美国人心目中的理想家庭数目锐减，但它丝毫不影响人们的这种文化理想。一些单亲家庭，甚至同性恋者组成的家庭在美国占有一定比例。可见美国家庭文化的复杂。中国人相对来说更传统一些，他们向往甜蜜的感情，美满和谐的家庭，并且努力维持良好的家庭关系。
【Cultural Notes】
①There is no such thing as……后加冠词+名词，意思是没有……的东西。比如 “没有所谓的平等”即为There is no such thing as a so-called equality.
②one-child policy 这就是中国实行的计划生育政策，从它的表达法也能看得出来，一个孩子嘛！
③extended family 指的是那种大家庭好几代人住在一起，还有好多uncle ,aunty ，大家在一起生活，一起处理家庭事务。
④attach importance / seriousness to 强调，重视类似于pay attention to 和 put emphasis on。
建议使用attach，水准可大不一样喽！