载人飞船

Manned Spacecraft

Manned Spaceship

   2003年10月6日,中国第一架载人宇宙飞船安全返回地面.这标志着中国成为继美国和前苏联之后第三个成功将人类送入太空的国家.对于中国来说,这是在航天科技上的巨大突破.
   Oct.16,2003,the first Chinese manned spacecraft safely landed on earth, which signified China became the third country succeeded in sending human into outspace after U.S.and Soviet Union.As for China,this is a great breakthrough in China's space technology.
   The safe return of China's manned spaceship on October 16,2003 has made China the third country in the world that has succeessfully sent man into space following the United States and the former Soviet Union.For China, this has been a huge breakthrough in space technology.
   ¹与无人飞船相比,载人飞船因有人类直接参与而在技术上有一些特殊的要求,包括:
Compared with spacecraft without human,manned spacecraft has some special techniques requires because of direct human involvements,including:
  Unlike the unmanned spaceship, the manned spaceship, which involves direct participation of human beings, must meet some special technological requirements
   1.环境控制
   1.Environment Control
   1.Enviromental control
   宇航员生活和工作的舱段要求严格密封,并采取环境控制措施,其主要作用是调节舱内和太空服内的温度,湿度,压力,吸收人体新陈代谢产物,控制舱内有害物质,提供氧气,通风,用水并处理废物.
   The living and working chambers of astronauts need to be strictly sealed,and the measures about enviroment control should be taken,the enviroment control is aiming at control the temperature,humidity and pressure in chambers and space suit.  It can absorb the products of human metabolism,control noxious substances in the chamber,while provide oxygen,fresh air and water and get rid of wastes.
   The modules where the astronauts work or live must be tightly sealed and implement an enviroment control program to regulate the temperature,humidity and pressure in the modules and spacesuits, absorb the end products of metabolism, handle harmful matters in the modules, and provide oxygen,ventilation and water while disposing the waste.
   2.应急救生
   2.Emergency
   2.Emergency lifesaving
   ²载人飞船须配备各种救生装置,在各个飞行阶段可以采用各种不同的应急救生手段.
   Manned spacecraft should be equipped with all kinds of emergency equippments,in case different emergencies under different circumstances.
   The manned spaceship must be equipped with a variety of emergency equipment so that different emergency lifesaving measures can be adopted at different stages of spaceflight accordingly.
   3.人工控制
   3.Manual Control
   3.Manual control
   由人参与操纵和控制飞船,可提高系统的可靠性,处理预料不到的紧急情况,为此载人飞船都设有手动控制装置和各种设备,以便于宇航员工作.
   Manipulated and controled by man,the reliability of the system will be improved,and unpredictable emergency will be handled.Therefore,manned spacecraft is equipped with manual control devices and all kinds of equippment to assist astronauts.
   Human involvement in the operation and control of the spaceship can increase the reliability of the system and help handle unpredicatble emergencies;therefore,the manned spaceship is equipped with mannual control devices and various apparatuses to make the job more convenient for the astronauts.
   4.安全返回
   4.Safe Return
   4.Safe return
   为确保宇航员安全返回,除了通过隔热层和舱内温度调节进行严格的温度控制,返回过程中的过载程度也必须控制在人的耐受范围内,同时,较高的落点精度也很重要.
   To insure the safe return of the astronauts,besides the strict thermal control on thermal blanket insulation and board,the whole return process should be controled in the scope that human can withstand.Meanwhile,the presion of landing is also very important.
   To ensure the safe return of the astronauts,in addition to the strict temperature control by means of the thermal-protective coating and temperature regulation in the modules, the force of overloading during the landing process must also be restricted within man's endurance capacity.Meanwhile, high precision of landing is also very important.
   5.高可靠性
   5.High Reliability
   5.High reliability
   载人飞船的各个系统和设备均要进行可靠性设计,关键部位采用备份系统,飞船须在严格的环境条件下进行地面测试和模拟飞行试验,以排除隐患.飞船的设计还要保证宇航员能对有故障的设备进行必要的维修和置换.
   Every system and equipment of manned space should undergo reliability designing,and storage system is used in critical parts.Spacecraft must be tested under difficult condition,i.g.test on earth and simulating flying test to find out hidding defects.In addition,the design must make sure that the astronauts can do necessary maintenances and displacements on faulty equipments.
   All the systems and equipment of the manned spaceship must undergo reliabilty design, and the key units must have backup systems.The spaceship must pass ground test and simulated flight test under strict control of enviroments so as to avoid hidden perils.The design of the spaceship must also allow the astronauts to carry out maintenance and replacement in case of equipment failure.
   从长远的观点看,人类进入外层空间,向宇宙的深度和广度进军是历史的必然.载人航天技术的发展及其实际应用,对国家的政治,军事,经济和科技等均有重要的影响.
   From long-term perspective,it is inevitable that human will enter into the outer space,exploring the universe in depth and width.The development of manned spacecraft technology and its application has profounmental influence on politics,military,economy,and technology,etc of a nation.
   In the long run, it is a historic inevitablity for man to venture into the outer space and explore the universe in depth and width. The development and application of manned spaceflight technology will have great influence on the nation's politics,military affairs,economy and science and technology.

注解
1.这里的"与...相比"不要译成compared with, 因为文中并没有列举任何无人飞船的特点.此处译为unlike更合适."有一些要求'的意
   思是"要符合一些要求',因此,不要译成"have some requirements"
2.本句的后半句是一个汉语无人称句,翻译时可以转成被动语态