今天我们来看常考的第一种体型：语义衔接题
语义衔接题，即考察词汇，其中动词和名词是重点，该种题型包括对同音及行近词汇的考察。这一点就要求大家平时多多积累。下面我们做一下几个题目，了解词汇复现和词汇同现的技巧
一.词汇复现，就是指某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词形式重复出现在文章中：
1.原词复现
这个简单不做过多介绍
2.同义词、近义词复现
（1）.Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for
49 vitamins.(1996-49)
A) exceptional B) exceeding C) excess D) external
3.反义词复现
（2）.As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became "personal" too, as well as
33 （2002-33）
[A] institutional [B] universal [C] fundamental [D] instrumental
（3）.This may mean the difference between operating at
50 or at a loss.（1999-50）
[A] an advantage [B] a benefit [C] an interest [D] a profit
4.上下词复现
（4）As was discussed before, it was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic
23 （2002-23）
[A] means [B] method [C] medium [D] measure
二、词汇同现技巧
同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在一个语义场中，每个单词都有其适用的空间，适合的话题，与同一个话题相关的词汇就构成了一个以某一话题为中心的词汇链。同现关系可以分成五种：语义场同现、修饰同现、因果同现、结构同现和同义同现。
1.语义场同现
（5）when he said the
41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges rather than to Parliament.（2001-41）
[A] translation [B] interpretation [C] exhibition [D] demonstration
2.修饰同现
（6）They were thought of, like people, in terms of generations, with the distance between generations much
36 .（2002-36）
[A] deeper [B] fewer [C] nearer [D] smaller
3.因果同现
（7）……but there have been
39 views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits" have been weighed agaist "harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.（2002-39）
[A] competitive [B] controversial [C] distracting [D] irrational
4.结构同现
（8）Not everyone sees that process in
28 . It is important to do so.（2002-28）
[A] concept [B] dimension [C] effect [D] perspective
5.同义同现
（9）As was discussed before, it was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the
24 of the periodical.（2002-24）
[A] process [B] company [C] light [D] form
（10）Companies with low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them
42 and active.（1999-42）
[A] alive [B] vivid [C] mobile [D] diverse
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答案： （1）C。根据上下文及前半句enough的意思，只有excess符合上下文的意思，是enough的近义复现，从反面进一步说明维他命摄取过多没有必要。
（2）A。as well as是一个并列连接短语，连接两个对等成分。显然四个选项中与personal对等的词只有institution。
（3）D。本题填入的词与at构成短语并与at a loss是并列成分或者平行结构，由于中间的连词是or，可判断意义应与loss相反，或者是loss的同义词，再看四个选项没有loss同义词，只有反义词profit。
（4）C。newspaper是medium的一种，与medium是上下语义关系。
（5）B。选项皆为名词，从语义上看，与privacy control相关的话题为保护、解释隐私权。可见，选项中只有interpretation正确。
（6）D。空格前的distance只能用形容词small、big来修饰，不能用near、far。正如price不能用cheap、expensive，只能用low、high修饰一样。
（7）B。因为文章最后一句表示“很难得出结论”，这说明人们对通信革命的经济、政治、社会、文化含义上是有争议的，故选择B。
（8）D。see … in perspective是固定短语，意为“正确地认识/看待”
（9）B。本题中newspaper、pamphlet、book、periodical都是表示并列含义的词，所以空格处需要一个表示这种关系的词，从而与前面的短语in the wake of“在…之后”保持平行一致。因此选B。本句表明，传单和书出现在报纸之前，而期刊是和报纸同时出现的。
（10）A。根据句意：事故率低的公司制定自己的安全计划，努力组织好这些计划，并继续努力以保持这些计划“充满活力”而不是“生动”“灵活”“不同”。再者根据句中线索and可知空白处的词与active应是平行并列结构，词义上互为补充，应是active的近义词，由此也能判断出选A。
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