英语中表示“图形”的单词很多,如何才能将这些近义词的具体内在 含义和用法搞清楚?下面我们一一做些解释: 

1. Figure 

figure通常指几何图形或图案;此外书中的插图不管是什么图都可以用 figure表示: 

  Figure 5 is the schematic diagram of a d/a converter. (图5是数/模转换器的原理图 )

2. Diagram 

diagram是科技英语中用得比较广泛的一个词,用于一般的图形、图表: 

This simplified block diagram is valuable. (这个简化了的框图很有用。 ) 

3. Graph 一般用于指曲线图、标绘图,也可指图解:

   The graph of this equation has been drawn above. (此方程所对应的曲线图已在上面画出。 ) 

4. Plot 往往可以与graph互换: 

   The plot of I versus V is a straight line. (I随V的变化曲线是一条直线。) 

5. View 一般用于机械图或各种结构图中的各向视图,也用来指航海中使用的“对 景图”(即实物图片): 

   The top and cross-sectional views of the memory structure are shown below. (这种存储器结构的俯视图和剖析图如下面所示。) 

6. Profile 一般指零(部)件的外形轮廓图,剖面形状图: stratigraphic profile 地层纵断面图 profile也可指各种分布图: 

   density profile密度分布图,pressure profile压力分布图 

7. Pattern 用于指图型、图案、花纹等 A mask with 100 tiny individual patterns is placed over the chip and exposed to light. (将带有1000个微小分立图样的掩膜放在晶片上并曝光。 ) 

8. Drawing 主要用于各种工程图纸及有关工程设计的附图、插图: perspective drawing 透视图 projection drawing 投影图 

9. Chart 多用于航线图和某种方向的图,如nautical chart航海图,flight chart 航空图。 

10. Map 指地图、天体图、布局图以及一些专用图形。 seismic map 地震图 weather map 气象图 radar map  雷达图

11. Sketch 一般指粗略勾画的示意图,草图。 

12. Layout 着重于被描绘对象的总体概貌,外形轮廓,总体安排和设计。 Among the disadvantages are great layout difficulties. (缺点之一是(电路)排图困难。 ) 

13. Line 一般仅用于线条描绘的轮廓和外形图,如船体型线图: The engineers are making the designing of the hull lines. (工程师们正在设计船体型线图。 ) 

14. Scheme; Schematic 指草图、示意图: wiring scheme 电气配线图 

15. Draft, Delineation 

Draft含有底稿的意思,delineation只用于草图、略图、示意图。这两个词用得较少 

posted @ 2009-05-08 13:36 美丽心灵 阅读(10) | 评论 (0)编辑 收藏
英语,代表西方的强势文化。作为世界性的大语种,它成了现代与文明的标志。有人跟风叫嚷:只要具备两条就是“现代文盲”,一,不懂英语;二,不会电脑。其实,文化所涉及的领域形形色色,是否可以这样说,不会写毛笔字、不会算卦,就等于“国学文盲”?

  凭人怎么说吧,现代中国为了追求“和世界接轨”,几乎把英、法、俄、德、日、意、西班牙和阿拉伯语,当成了通向世界、通向文明的惟一桥梁。母语——中国话可以弄得一塌糊涂,甚至不如日本人写得漂亮,讲得流利;英语,却必须要捱过大学六级、托福考试。这据典型的崇洋媚外做法,似乎该回头了。随着中国国力的增强,汉语也逐渐变成了外国人的香饽饽儿。仔细一看才发现,许多英语词汇其实就源于汉语,欧洲人做过精细的统计,自1994年以来加入国际英语行列的词汇中,中式英语贡献了5%到20%,超过任何其他来源。

  英语属于印欧语系(Indo-European languages),包含着印度、西亚和欧洲的语言。目前使用的英语单词中,有不少是从非印欧语系“拿来”的,这在狭义上,就是英语中的外来语。这些白皮黄心的“鸡蛋词”,无须向“英语世界”做额外解释,就能顺利地理解、沟通。脱胎于汉语的“鸡蛋词”,早就默默地影响全世界了。除“孔夫子(Confucious)”、“中国功夫(kung fu)”、“麻将(mahjong)”或者“豆腐(tofu)”之类绝无仅有的称谓,再挑拣10个真正有中国气质、代表华夏气派、并影响全球当代生活的“鸡蛋词”,便足以说明问题。  

    (一)丝绸——silk

  中国是养蚕大国,丝绸的故乡。瓷器和丝绸始终是古代中国对外贸易的绝密技术和看家商品,直到鸦片战争前,英国进口到广州的钢琴,还干不过珠光宝气的丝绸。“silk”的发音,显然是汉语的音译,这个词代表了中国高超的工艺技术和贸易强势。即便现在,丝绸仍在现代生活中充当雍容华丽、典雅高贵的象征。

  (二)茶——tea

  这个词,又是英国人从拗口的闽南话里偷走的。茶,和丝绸、瓷器比肩,堪称古代中国对外贸易的拳头产品。目前,品茶代表了一种生活方式和文化品位,中国人对人生的思考,几乎都能在袅袅茶烟里找到。据萧乾的《茶在英国》介绍:“茶叶似乎是17世纪初由葡萄牙人最早引到欧洲的……英国的茶叶起初是东印度公司从厦门引进的,17世纪40年代,英人在印度殖民地开始试种茶叶,那时,可能就养成了在茶中加糖的习惯。”据说,即使在“二战”那样物资困乏的时期,法国人定量配给咖啡,英国人则要的是茶,还有一点点糖。茶成了欧洲人的“主心骨”,他们只能跟着茶香如醉如痴地行走,这不是本土的历史与遗传;而是异域文化的征服和同化。18世纪的柴斯特顿勋爵干脆在《训子家书》里写道:“尽管茶来自东方,它毕竟是绅士气味的;而可可则是个痞子、懦夫,一头粗野的猛兽。”

  (三)世外桃源——Shangrila (Xanadu)

  这是两个近意词。都有“世外桃源”的意思。“Shangrila”出自西藏的传说之地——香格里拉,“Xanadu”则是蒙古的元上都。如果要表达“世外桃源”,通常采用“Xanadu”这个词。看来,以出世自居的美国作家梭罗,白白地在瓦尔登湖旁边,做了那么久的“隐士”。讲究“寄情山水、超然物外”的哲学,中国人是当之无愧的开山鼻祖。

  (四)风水——Feng Shui

  风水,还是音译。它凝聚了古代中国在活人住宅和死人墓地方面的集体智慧。尽管有人打着所谓“科学”的旗号,指斥风水是封建迷信;但是,迷信所谓“科学”,故步自封,则是另外一种迷信。风水的整体原则是“趋利避害”,这也是安全生存最起码的信条。近年来,风水在美国红极一时,从中国人唇齿之间发出的音节,已经成为当代人急需探究的学问。

  (五)茶点——dim sum

  一听发音,就知道,这个略带小资情调的词儿,来自闽粤。英国人有喝下午茶的习惯,几杯印度红茶,常就一碟甜点。英语原本有表示蛋糕、点心的词,偏偏不用,硬要拽一个来自汉语的生僻字。恐怕多少也有与时尚接轨、和东方同步的优越感吧。中国是茶的故乡,茶点也摇身一变,成为登堂入室的英语外来词。

  (六)走狗——running dogs

  中国式英语贴切地表达了一种见利忘义、供人驱使的“下三烂”。无从考证,最先运用这个词的是中国人,还是英国人;重要的是,英语世界接纳了“走狗”,并以汉语的思维抚育这个“外来词”。接纳词汇的同时,无形中也接受了中国人的价值观。

  (七)纸老虎——paper tiger

  这是最令人难忘和扬眉吐气的一个新词。缔造者应该是伟大的民族英雄——毛泽东!他老人家是博学的诗人、雄才大略的政治家、运筹帷幄的军事天才。美国人硬不硬?苏联人牛不牛?原子弹厉害不厉害?……在他眼里,都是色厉内荏的“纸老虎”。只要跟中国人作对,老子就得碰碰硬,看天下“谁主沉浮”。上世纪50年代的“美帝国主义”、六七十年代的“苏修”,都变成了毛泽东嘲笑的“纸老虎”。这种蔑视强敌、自强不息的精神,当然是中国人对世界文明的贡献。谈笑风声缔造了一个词,足令中国的敌手躲在角落里发抖了

  (八)大款、巨亨——tycoon

  这种称呼是近些年才流行街巷的,指有钱有势的商人或者企业家,中国传统的叫法是“大掌柜”。被英语拿走,又是闽粤之地的音译。可见,鸦片战争前,中国商人名声在外,马可·波罗在书里描写的东方,物阜民丰,黄金铺地。来中国走一遭,就像现在某些“假洋鬼子”上趟拉斯维加斯一样。

  (九)赌场——Casino

  这个词,似乎是地道的西方舶来品,发音酷似法语或者意大利文。殊不知,“Casino”竟是福建话的音译,可是,为什么英语要拿它表示“赌场”的意思呢?据传,很久以前,移民到美国的福建民工,拿到一点微薄的工资,便在无聊之际,聚众赌博,试试运气。每次开局,都会嚷嚷:“开始了! 开始了!”想不到,阴差阳错地搭给英语一个现代词汇。

  (十)小费,赏钱——Cumshaw

  这个词是闽南话“感谢”的音译。为了给人一点酬劳,在钞票上意思意思。英语世界也像喜欢“money”一样,渴望“Cumshaw”这个油水丰厚的单词。尽管中国人没有给小费的习惯,但是,对于钱,却并非一毛不拔,甚至比西方人出手还大方。偷走“Cumshaw”这个“鸡蛋字”的欧洲人,一定见过,中国人曾如何挥金似土。其实,东西方对待金钱并没有本质的不同
posted @ 2009-05-08 13:34 美丽心灵 阅读(5) | 评论 (0)编辑 收藏
monsoon: 季风;雨季;季风季节

inundate: 淹没、泛滥;压倒

embankment: 堤坊;筑堤;= dike

sprint: 全速跑,冲刺跑
sprinter: 短跑选手

showboat: 演戏船;爱卖弄的人;v. 卖弄

falsify ['fɔ:lsɪfʌɪ, 'fɒls-]
  verb (falsifies, falsifying, falsified)
    alter (information or evidence) so as to mislead.
    prove (a statement or theory) to be false.
 
 falsifiability noun  falsifiable adjective falsification noun

篡改,曲解,伪造;证明是假

discrepancy [dis·crep·an·cy || dɪ'skrepənsɪ]
(名) 相差; 矛盾; 差异

posted @ 2008-08-22 16:41 美丽心灵 阅读(19) | 评论 (0)编辑 收藏
Greyhound 
The Greyhound is a breed of dog that has been primarily bred for  companionshipcoursing game and racing. The Greyhound is the second fastest-accelerating land mammal, beaten only by the cheetah; a combination of long, powerful legs, deep chest and aerodynamic build allows it to reach speeds of up to 45 mph in less than one and a half seconds, or within 3 strides.

decapitate [dɪ'kapɪteɪt]
  verb
    cut off the head of.
    attempt to undermine (a group) by removing its leaders.

trucker 
  noun a long-distance truck driver.

wrench
[rentF]
n.
扳钳, 扳手, 猛扭, 痛苦, 扭伤, 歪曲
vt.
猛扭, 使扭伤, 曲解, 抢, 折磨
vi.
猛扭, 绞痛


crowbar 
  noun an iron bar with a flattened end, used as a lever.
  verb (crowbars, crowbarring, crowbarred) strike or open with a crowbar.

butcher-type knife:
knife-wielder:
bloodcurdling
[5blQdk\:dlIN]
adj.
恐怖的, 令人毛骨悚然的


Bus passenger beheaded seat mate, witness says


posted @ 2008-08-01 16:39 美丽心灵 阅读(18) | 评论 (0)编辑 收藏
 

JERUSALEM (CNN) -- Israel is getting ready to carry out a long-awaited prisoner swap with Hezbollah after the Israeli Cabinet gave final approval for the exchange on Tuesday.
CNN
耶路撒冷电 星期二,在其内阁最终同意后,以色列开始就执行等待多时的与真主党交换囚犯进行准备

A makeshift memorial shows captured soldiers Ehud Goldwasser, left, and Eldad Regev.临时的记念牌上画着被俘士兵Ehud Goldwasser()Eldad Regev的画像。

The transfer is expected at the Rosh Hanikra crossing in the western Galilee on Wednesday, and as of Tuesday night, the area will be declared a closed military zone, the Israel Defenses Forces said.以色列国防军称,本次交换计划于周三在位于西Galilee的Hanikra进行。在周二晚上,这一地区将被宣布为封闭的军事区。

The Cabinet approved the deal in a 22-to-3 vote. 内阁以22票同意,3票反对的投票批准了该项协议。

Under the exchange with the Lebanese Shiite Muslim militia, two kidnapped Israeli soldiers abducted in 2006 and presumed dead would be traded for five Lebanese prisoners -- convicted murderer Samir Kuntar and four "illegal Lebanese fighters" -- and the remains of 199 Lebanese fighters. 在与黎巴嫩什叶派穆斯林游击队员的达成的交换条件中,两名于2006年被绑架的以色列士兵(被认为已死)将与五名黎巴嫩囚犯进行交换--包括被定罪的杀人犯Samir Kuntar 和四名“非法的黎巴嫩战士”,以及199名黎巴嫩战士的遗骸。

The Hezbollah abduction of those Israeli soldiers, Sgt. First Class Ehud Goldwasser and Staff Sgt. Eldad Regev, sparked the 34-day war between Israel and Hezbollah two years ago.真主党绑架了两名以色列士兵:陆军上士Ehud Goldwasser和参谋军士Eldad Regev,这一行为引起了两年前以色列和黎巴嫩真主党之前为期34天的战争。

"This painful process exemplifies Israel's moral commitment to secure the return of all of their soldiers sent on operational missions. Such a move demonstrates a compelling moral strength which stems from Judaism, Israeli social values and from the spirit of the IDF," the IDF said in a written statement.以色列国防部在一份书面材料中称:“这次沉痛的过程以实际行动证明了以色列在道义上的承诺,它保证所有参加军事行动的战士都会安全归来。这种行动表明这种强制性的道德力量源自犹太主义、以色列社会价值,也源自IDF的精髓”。

Israeli authorities will confirm the identities of Goldwasser and Regev before concluding its part of the deal. Hezbollah plans a "welcome home" ceremony for Kuntar and the four other prisoners later in the day. A funeral procession for the 199 remains will be conducted Thursday. 以色列官方在对该部分协议做出结论之前将会先核实GoldwasserRegev的身份。真主党则计划在当天晚些时候为Kuntar和其他四名被捕者搞一个“欢迎回家”的仪式

Part of the swap agreement was a report from the Lebanese militia Hezbollah to Israel on the status of long-missing Israeli flier Ron Arad. 交换协议的一部分是一份黎巴嫩真主党向以色列提供的关于一名长期失踪的以色列飞行员Ron Arad情况的报告。

Although Israel's Cabinet approved the outline of the prisoner swap two weeks ago, it waited until it could review report on Arad issued by Hezbollah before granting final approval for the prisoner exchange.尽管早在两周前以色列的内阁就已经批准了囚犯交换计划纲要,但要等到内阁看到真主党提供的Arad报告之后,这项囚犯交换协议才最终生效。

That report on the fate of the missing navigator was released recently. Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert described it Monday as "absolutely unsatisfactory" and the Cabinet on Tuesday underscored that position, saying it decided to "absolutely reject the report." 这份关于失踪领航员的报告已于近期被披露。以色列总理Ehud Olmert在周一说,这份报告“绝对难以令人满意”,内阁也于周二强调了其立场,决定“绝对不接受此报告。”

"The government determined that the report does not meet the conditions of the agreement regarding the fate of Ron Arad. The government of Israel will continue its efforts to receive all possible information on the fate of Ron Arad," the Cabinet said. 内阁声称,“政府认为该报告没有达到协议规定的关于Ron Arad命运的要求。以色列政府将继续致力于接收所有有关Ron Arad命运的可能消息。”

There were no details available about what the report contained.目前无法得知该报告的任何细节。

Arad was the navigator of an Israeli warplane that crashed in Lebanon in October 1986. Arad是一名以色列战斗机的领航员,其飞机198610月坠毁在黎巴嫩境内。

His family's last contact with him came in 1987, and former Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon promised the Arad family in 2004 that Kuntar would not be released unless Hezbollah provides information on Arad. Arad的家人最后一次与之联系是在1987年,前以色列总理沙龙在2004年向他们保证,除非真主党提供了关于Arad的消息,否则Kuntar不会被释放,。

Kuntar, who had been a member of the Palestine Liberation Front, has spent the last three decades in an Israeli jail for the deaths of four people in a terror attack as he infiltrated Israel. Kuntar是一名巴解组织成员,因在一起恐怖袭击中造成4名以色列人员死亡而激怒了以色列,从而在过去的三十年里一直在以色列的监狱里服刑,

An Israeli police officer, a father and his 4-year-old daughter died in the attack. A 2-year-old daughter suffocated as her mother tried to stop her from crying as they hid from Kuntar, who is hailed as a hero by Hezbollah. 一名以色列警官和他四岁的女儿在那次袭击中丧生。一名两岁的女孩在和她的妈妈躲避Kuntar时,妈妈为阻止女孩哭喊造成女孩窒息而死。而Kuntar则被真主党捧为英雄。

In the preliminary agreement on June 29, Israel said information on four missing Iranian diplomats will be delivered by Israel to U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, and that Palestinian prisoners will be released after the deal is implemented. These issues were not discussed at the Tuesday Cabinet meeting. 629的协议草案中,以色列称四名失踪伊朗外交官的资料将由以色列转交联合国秘书长潘基文,并且在协议执行后释放巴勒斯坦囚犯。这些事务在星期二的内阁会议上没有讨论。

"The number and identities of the prisoners will be determined at the sole discretion of the state of Israel," Israel said。以色列说,“囚犯的数量和身份将由以色列自己来决定。”

posted @ 2008-07-16 16:40 美丽心灵 阅读(21) | 评论 (0)编辑 收藏
看了最近关于Betancourt的新闻,想起原来看过的prison break,看起来这个系列剧中很多内容是真实的。我等也没去过Columbia or Panama,监狱里也许真充斥着暴力等等。

Betancourt声称,“FARC captivity was hell"

"You know, it was hell. It was hell for the body, it was hell for the soul, it was hell for the mind...everything was so horrible," she said. "We had all kinds of pains."
这是发自心底的恐惧

Betancourt answered nearly all questions, but she would not discuss Emmanuel, the child born in captivity to her running mate, Clara Rojas -- who was captured along with her -- or whether she was sexually abused.
这个“to”是什么意思?和Clara Rojas的孩子?running mate是竞选伙伴吗?

"I think that many things that happened in the jungle we have to leave in the jungle," she said.
只想忘记那些恐怖的回忆

But the worst thing that happened to her, she said, was "realizing that mankind, that human beings can be so horrible to other human beings."
又一次印证了一个真理:人才是这个世界上最残忍的动物。

"I couldn't talk. I screamed. It was like a yell from, it was a scream that went from the bottom of my stomach," she said. "And then I hugged everyone I could hug. I would have hugged anyone at that second. I hugged the one that was beside me, front -- I would kiss everybody. It was crazy. It was very intense. We were crying."

突然获得自由的感受,unbelievable!
posted @ 2008-07-11 10:29 美丽心灵 阅读(20) | 评论 (0)编辑 收藏
刘翔为安利代言的话,真是不错。

看上周被解救的哥伦比亚人质:Marc Gonslaves:

During his captivity, he was known to spend his time reading Bible in Spanish and lifting makeshift weights.

即使身处那种非人的环境,也不忘锻练,admiring.

posted @ 2008-07-10 17:55 美丽心灵 阅读(61) | 评论 (0)编辑 收藏
Thousand times no! 绝对办不到

  Don't mention it.没关系,别客气。

  Who knows! 天晓得

  It is not a big deal!没什么了不起

  How come...怎么回事,怎么搞得

  Easy does it.慢慢来

  Don t push me.别逼我

  Come on!快点,振作起来

  Have a good of it.玩的很高兴

  It is urgent.有急事

  What is the fuss?吵什么

  Still up?还没睡呀

  That is a boy! 太好了,好极了

  It s up to you 由你决定

  The line is engaged.占线。

  My hands are full right now.我现在很忙

  Dont t make up a story.不要捏造事实

  Absence makes the heart grow fonder.小别胜新婚

  She makes a mess of things.她把事情搞得一塌糊涂。

  Get an eyeful.看个够

  He has a quick eye. 他的眼睛很锐利

posted @ 2008-03-18 11:12 美丽心灵 阅读(115) | 评论 (1)编辑 收藏
好久没有写了,以后得坚持。
posted @ 2007-05-14 17:36 美丽心灵 阅读(225) | 评论 (0)编辑 收藏

hurdle

Hurdling is running over obstacles. In track and field athletics there are sprint hurdle races and long hurdle races. The standard sprint hurdle race is 110 meters for men and 100 meters for women. The standard long hurdle race is 400 meters for both men and women. Each of these races is run over ten hurdles and they are all Olympic events.

shareholder / stockholder 

A shareholder or stockholder is an individual or company (including a corporation) that legally owns one or more shares of stock in a joined stock company. The shareholders are the owners of a corporation. Companies listed at the stock market strive to enhance shareholder value.

Stockholders are granted special privileges depending on the class of stock, including the right to vote (usually one vote per share owned) on matters such as elections to the board of directors, the right to share in distributions of the company's income, the right to purchase new shares issued by the company, and the right to a company's assets during a liquidation of the company. However, stockholder's rights to a company's assets are subordinate to the rights of the company's creditors. This means that stockholders typically receive nothing if a company is liquidated after bankruptcy (if the company had had enough to pay its creditors, it would not have entered bankruptcy), although a stock may have value after a bankruptcy if there is the possibility that the debts of the company will be restructured.

Stakeholder 

The role of stakeholder is a very old concept in the law. A stakeholder was originally a person who holds money or other property while its owner is being determined. The situation often arises when two persons bet on the outcome of a future event and have a third, disinterested, neutral person act as the stakeholder, holding the money (or "stake[s]") they have both wagered (or "staked") until the event occurs. Courts sometimes act as stakeholders, holding property while litigation between the possible owners resolves the issue of which one is entitled to the property, and trustees often act as stakeholders, holding property until beneficiaries come of age, for example. An "escrow agent" is one kind of trustee who is a stakeholder, usually in a situation where part of the purchase price of property is being held until some condition is satisfied. In legal documents, the escrow agent is often referred to as a "mere stakeholder."
posted @ 2006-10-20 14:34 美丽心灵 阅读(498) | 评论 (0)编辑 收藏