动词的时态

在英语中不同的时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式表示，这种动词的形式就叫时态。下面我们将初一所学的四种时态总结如下：

一、一般现在时

1．  用法：表示经常的或习惯性的动作。常和它连用的词是often、always、sometimes、usually、every day等。

2．  结构：谓语动词用原型（但当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后加s或es）

3．  典型句型 a. I go to school early every day.

Do you go to school early every day?

I don’t go to school early every day.

                b. Tom often does his homework at night.

                  Does Tom often do his homework at night?

                  Tom doesn’t often do his homework at night.

二、现在进行时

1．  用法：表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。常和它连用的词是now，或者在句前有look、listen。译作“正在”。

2．  结构：动词be（am、is、are）+动词的ing形式

3．  典型句型：I am learning English now.

Look!They are playing basketball.

三、一般过去时

1．  用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday，in 1990，last night等。

2．  结构：动词用过去式（规则动词的过去式一般在原形后加ed）

3．  典型句型：He went to the park two days ago.

Did he go to the park two days ago?

He didn’t go to the park two days ago.

四、一般将来时

1．  用法：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常或它连用的时间状语是tomorrow、next week等。译作“将要、打算”。

2．  结构：助动词will+动词原形。（第一人称疑问句中助动词用shall）

3．  典型句型：I will go to my hometown next week.

Will you go to your hometown next week?

I won’t go to my hometown next week.

  注意：（1）用“be going to+动词原形”结构也可以表达将来时间，如

There is going to be a film tomorrow.

He is going to play basketball this afternoon.

        (2 ) 个别动词如go、come、leave、start等的现在进行时态其实表达将来时间，如

            I’m leaving for Beijing today.

            The bus is coming. Don’t run away.

            Where are you going? I’m going to the shop.