大家好，今天时间很紧，我的音频就不录了，重点讲that引导的从句，定语从句和同位语从句的区别和翻译，请大家别忘了做后面的句子翻译哦！
以下内容来自：
http://answer.xuechuang.com/8784896/Question/26031.html（别介意，这些确实是高中的语法，我自己也都忘了大半了，所以大家都来复习下吧。）也许口语中可以忽略部分语法，但在写作和翻译中扎实的语法知识还是必不可少的。
that 可以引导的从句
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1.that引导定语从句,指人或物,作宾语时可以省略.
Do you know the man that is talking to your mother?
Please show me the photos ﹝that﹞ you took last week.
This is the museum﹝ that ﹞they visited last month.
2.that引导宾语从句,在口语或非正式文体中可以省略.
He said ﹝that﹞he had finished the work by himself.
He told me that was his usual way to deal with problems.﹝这里我们看到的that不是连接词，而是从句中的主语,可看做前面省略了that﹞
He suggested that we should keep on trying.
3.that引导主语从句,多用it做形式主语.
It was clear that most students' hopes were the same.
It is known to all that Mr Wang will give us a talk tomorrow.
It is said that this book has been translated into several foreign languages.
4.that引导同位语从句,
We are surprised at the fact that the children did it on their own.
They expressed their hope that they would like to go to visit the Great Wall.
5.that引导表语从句,
It seems that it is more difficult for women to get a job than men.
6.that用于强调句型中,
It was on July 30 that they decided to meet again.
It was in this old house that the police caught the two robbers.
7.that与so/such连用引导结果状语从句,
He ran so fast that they all couldn't catch up with him.
Mr Li is such a good teacher that all the students like him.
8.so that引导目的状语从句,
Mr Wang got up very early this morning so that he could catch the early bus.
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（以下内容为禾苗老师讲解）
(有一点需要给大家指明，所谓“引导什么类型的从句”是指that 接的这个从句在句中充当的成分，而非that 本身做这个成分)
2. 接下来特别要跟大家提的是定语从句和同位语从句的区别和翻译。
很多人对两者的区别不得要领，实际上同位语的先行词是有限制的，或者说由特定的词构成，而且同位语从句本身要表达的是这个先行词的内容，并非对先行词的修饰。这些先行词有"news, report, fact, belief, argument，opinion, proposal, truth, idea, message, decision, explanation, etc.”
我们看例句：
The report that a 16-year-old young man killed a dozen of his classmates shocked the public. (同位语从句)
这个报道说一个16岁的男孩枪杀了十余名同学，震惊了公众。
The report that CNN issued Friday shocked the public. （定语从句）
ＣＮＮ周五播放的报道震惊了公众。
大家可以看到，第一个句子中that后面是这个report播报的内容，为同位语；而第二个句子中that后面跟的是对report的限定修饰（ＣＮＮ播放的报道）。
教大家一个窍门，对同位语从句的翻译可以在先行词后加“说，认为，表示，即，代表”等词，而对于定语从句(如果不是句句相扣的)都可以尽量想想用“。。。的”结构能否表达。 例：
1）Senator Clinton is hoping that a victory for her in Indiana on Tuesday and a close race in North Carolina would boost her argument that she is the toughest candidate to take on Senator McCain in November.
参议员希拉里希望周二她在印第安纳州的竞选能取胜，加上在北卡罗莱纳州的票数接近，就能增强她的论断，即她才是在11月大选中能与参议员麦凯恩对阵的最有力人选。
2）Clinton has been campaigning hard for votes across Indiana and North Carolina, pushing a proposal she and McCain both back to suspend the federal gasoline tax for consumers during the summer months of June, July and August.
注意到了吗，she and McCain both back是proposal 的定语，proposal 后面省略了that。
希拉里一直在印第安纳州和北卡罗莱纳努力拉票，倡导一个她和麦凯恩都支持的提议，要求联邦在夏季6、7、8三个月中暂停收取汽油税。
这两个句子都来自今天的VOA标准新闻，完整音频如下：
点击播放
3.理解了同位语从句和定语从句的区别，我们还需要养成一个习惯，如同口译中的要求，对于听到和看到的长句，不要轻易大幅度的改动原句的语序，不利于学习理解和进步，也就无法锻炼听译的技能。
同学们或许会觉得坚持保持原句语序会不合汉语习惯，但从练习边听边译的角度来看，我们需要找到一个方法来提高这个能力，禾苗老师要告诉大家我们的母语表达能力是否强也是很要紧的一点。理解和表达是两个步骤，理解了不代表能准确表达。表达的能力要从多说多写来练，我们以后的节目会特别论述。
请大家完成以下两句的翻译：1) We face the arduous days that lie before us in the warm courage of the national unity; with the clear consciousness of seeking old and precious moral values; with the clean satisfaction that comes from the stern performance of duty by old and young alike.
2）The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, painfree life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness.
[notes]练习做这吧[/notes]
练习答案回复可见
以下为回复可见内容
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1) We face the arduous days that lie before us in the warm courage of the national unity; with the clear consciousness of seeking old and precious moral values; with the clean satisfaction that comes from the stern performance of duty by old and young alike.
在我们眼前要面对的是艰难的日子，（但）拥有暖人心和激励人的国家团结；拥有明确的意识寻求古老而珍贵的道德价值；拥有来自于老人以及青年同等坚毅的职责表现而产生的全然满足。
2）The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, painfree life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness.
这里the way 后面的定语从句等于也是省了that，加上belief后面的同位语从句。怎么译呢？
人们坚持一个信念认为充满快乐，毫无痛苦的生活就是幸福，这点实际上减少了他们真正获得幸福的机会。
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