《哈姆雷特》经典片段分析1

是以前的阅读作业,太久没翻,发现已经不太懂了,仔细读又体会出一些含义,既然不能发表,就贴上来大家看,别说我附庸就行。

1. 第一幕第二场 城堡中的大厅

O, that this too too solid flesh would melt               

Thaw and resolve itself into a dew!          itself 替代 this flesh  

Or that Everlasting had not fix’d                   

His canon ‘gainst self –slaughter!          His 照应 Everlasting —永生的真神)    

O God ! God! How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable, 

Seem to me all the uses of! this world

Fie on’t! Ah fie! ‘tis an unweeded garden,   

it this world ,并用 unweeded garden 复指)

That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature

Possess it merely. That it should come to this! 

this 照应下文 married with my uncle

But two months dead: nay, not so much, not two:

 (dead 后省略 the King was ,结尾省略 months

So excellent a king; that was, to this,         

that 照应下面的 Hyperion ,即老王; this 照应 satyr; 即新王)

Hyperion to a satyr; so loving to my mother      

That he might not beteem the winds of heaven

Visit her face too roughly. Heaven and earth!

Must I remember! why, she would hang on him,  

he him 都指老王, her she 均指王后)

As if increase of appetite had grown

By what it fed on: and yet, within a month---     it 照应 appetite

Let me not think on’t---Frailty, thy name is woman!---

A little month, or ere those shoes were old

With which she follow’d my poor father’s body,   which 照应 those shoes

Like Niobe, all tears:--- why she, even she---    

O, god! a beast, that wants discourse of reason,

Would have mourn’d longer---married with my uncle,

My father’s brother, but no more like my father

Than I to Hercules: within a month:             to 替代 like

Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears

Had left the flushing in her galled eyes,

She married. O, most wicked speed, to post      her She 均指王后)

With such dexterity to incestuous sheets!

It is not nor it cannot come to good:  it 照应上文 She married with such dexterity

But break, my heart; for I must hold my tongue.
      
这一段是哈姆雷特的第一次独白,他愤懑不解,为何他的父亲死了不到两个月的时间,母亲就能和另一个男人同榻,而这个男人竟然就是他的叔父。人世间的一切霎时变得虚伪和可憎。他憎恨母亲的虚伪与软弱。因此说出“脆弱,你的名字就是女人(fragility,thy name is woman)”。这样一种愤愤不平的心情,莎士比亚用了许多隐喻来表达(也是莎翁戏剧的一大特色),语句间启承转合,用词精妙,无一语不扣动人心。

       从词汇手段的角度来看:大量使用带修饰语的名词短语,如( too too solid flesh unweeded garden things rank and gross in nature unrighteous tears galled eyes wicked speed incestuous sheets 。巧妙运用近义词,如 melt t haw and resolve (融解、消散、化为), weary stale flat and unprofitable (可厌、陈腐、乏味、无聊), rank and gross (下贱、粗俗), wicked speed (罪恶的匆促)、 such dexterity (这样迫不及待)。准确地借用典故和神话人物,如 Hyperion (希腊提坦神,大地女神该亚的儿子,喻高贵的老国王)、 satyr (半人半羊、等级低下的山林神,喻指克劳狄斯)、 Niobe (希腊神话中一妇女,以子女众多而自傲,后众儿女被杀,痛哭至极而化为石头,是悲痛和苦难的化身)、 Hercules (宙斯的儿子,大力神,希腊人民的英雄)。重复或复指某些部分,以达到强调和渲染的作用,如 O God ! God! O, god! 出现三次,激愤之情可表; Heavon she married 各重复一次,渲染痛恨的感情; within a month a little month 重复出现,强调时间之短,愈加显得王后再嫁的不可理喻; my father’s brother 决非 my uncle 的多余解释,而是突出他们之间的关系,使矛盾更加尖锐。
   
从语法角度来看:这一段文章中的照应、替代和省略都有明显的表现。为理解方便,就在原文旁括弧内做简要分析。

       从逻辑角度来看:哈姆雷特的语言往往闪着智慧和哲理的光芒,有的意境深远,睿智隽永,有的高深莫测,无理可循,这就需要一定的语言形式或连接方式将其语意连贯。这一段的逻辑关系还是清晰的,先是三句感叹这世界可厌而恶毒,为什么有此感叹,是因为“ That it should come to this !(想不到居然会有这种事情)”,接下来叙述这件事情是“ But two months dead why she married with my uncle ”,这当中有诸多插入成分,有哈姆雷特将父亲与叔父作的比较,有描述王后在老国王活着和死后的不同表现,也有哈姆雷特的揶揄与嘲骂。比较典型的是这一句: why she, even she---    

                  O, god! a beast, that wants discourse of reason,

                  Would have mourn’d longer---married with my uncle,

这句话有两层意思,一层是“一头没有理性的畜生也要悲痛得长久些”,另一层是“她为什么就嫁给我的叔父”,我们可以看到在这两层意思之间有破折号连接,使其语意衔接。

posted @ 2007-08-22 11:42 silklark 阅读(351) 评论(0)  编辑  收藏 所属分类: 文学评论 网摘收藏

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该文被作者在 2007-08-22 13:43 编辑过