是以前的阅读作业,太久没翻,发现已经不太懂了,仔细读又体会出一些含义,既然不能发表,就贴上来大家看,别说我附庸就行。
1.
第一幕第二场
城堡中的大厅
O, that this too too solid flesh would melt
Thaw and resolve itself into a dew!
(
itself
替代
this flesh
)
Or that Everlasting had not fix’d
His canon ‘gainst self –slaughter!
(
His
照应
Everlasting
—永生的真神)
O God ! God! How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable,
Seem to me all the uses of! this world
Fie on’t! Ah fie! ‘tis an unweeded garden,
(
it
指
this world
,并用
unweeded garden
复指)
That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature
Possess it merely. That it should come to this!
(
this
照应下文
married with my uncle
)
But two months dead: nay, not so much, not two:
(dead
后省略
the King was
,结尾省略
months
)
So excellent a king; that was, to this,
(
that
照应下面的
Hyperion
,即老王;
this
照应
satyr;
即新王)
Hyperion to a satyr; so loving to my mother
That he might not beteem the winds of heaven
Visit her face too roughly. Heaven and earth!
Must I remember! why, she would hang on him,
(
he
和
him
都指老王,
her
和
she
均指王后)
As if increase of appetite had grown
By what it fed on: and yet, within a month---
(
it
照应
appetite
)
Let me not think on’t---Frailty, thy name is woman!---
A little month, or ere those shoes were old
With which she follow’d my poor father’s body,
(
which
照应
those shoes
)
Like Niobe, all tears:--- why she, even she---
O, god! a beast, that wants discourse of reason,
Would have mourn’d longer---married with my uncle,
My father’s brother, but no more like my father
Than I to Hercules: within a month:
(
to
替代
like
)
Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears
Had left the flushing in her galled eyes,
She married. O, most wicked speed, to post
(
her
和
She
均指王后)
With such dexterity to incestuous sheets!
It is not nor it cannot come to good:
(
it
照应上文
She married with such dexterity
)
But break, my heart; for I must hold my tongue.
这一段是哈姆雷特的第一次独白,他愤懑不解,为何他的父亲死了不到两个月的时间,母亲就能和另一个男人同榻,而这个男人竟然就是他的叔父。人世间的一切霎时变得虚伪和可憎。他憎恨母亲的虚伪与软弱。因此说出“脆弱,你的名字就是女人(fragility,thy name is woman)”。这样一种愤愤不平的心情,莎士比亚用了许多隐喻来表达(也是莎翁戏剧的一大特色),语句间启承转合,用词精妙,无一语不扣动人心。
从词汇手段的角度来看:大量使用带修饰语的名词短语,如(
too too
)
solid flesh
、
unweeded garden
、
things rank and gross in nature
、
unrighteous tears
、
galled eyes
、
wicked speed
、
incestuous sheets
。巧妙运用近义词,如
melt
、
t
haw and resolve
(融解、消散、化为),
weary
、
stale
、
flat and unprofitable
(可厌、陈腐、乏味、无聊),
rank and gross
(下贱、粗俗),
wicked speed
(罪恶的匆促)、
such dexterity
(这样迫不及待)。准确地借用典故和神话人物,如
Hyperion
(希腊提坦神,大地女神该亚的儿子,喻高贵的老国王)、
satyr
(半人半羊、等级低下的山林神,喻指克劳狄斯)、
Niobe
(希腊神话中一妇女,以子女众多而自傲,后众儿女被杀,痛哭至极而化为石头,是悲痛和苦难的化身)、
Hercules
(宙斯的儿子,大力神,希腊人民的英雄)。重复或复指某些部分,以达到强调和渲染的作用,如
O God ! God! O, god!
出现三次,激愤之情可表;
Heavon
和
she married
各重复一次,渲染痛恨的感情;
within a month
、
a little month
重复出现,强调时间之短,愈加显得王后再嫁的不可理喻;
my father’s brother
决非
my uncle
的多余解释,而是突出他们之间的关系,使矛盾更加尖锐。
从语法角度来看:这一段文章中的照应、替代和省略都有明显的表现。为理解方便,就在原文旁括弧内做简要分析。
从逻辑角度来看:哈姆雷特的语言往往闪着智慧和哲理的光芒,有的意境深远,睿智隽永,有的高深莫测,无理可循,这就需要一定的语言形式或连接方式将其语意连贯。这一段的逻辑关系还是清晰的,先是三句感叹这世界可厌而恶毒,为什么有此感叹,是因为“
That it should come to this
!(想不到居然会有这种事情)”,接下来叙述这件事情是“
But two months dead
,
why she married with my uncle
”,这当中有诸多插入成分,有哈姆雷特将父亲与叔父作的比较,有描述王后在老国王活着和死后的不同表现,也有哈姆雷特的揶揄与嘲骂。比较典型的是这一句:
why she, even she---
O, god! a beast, that wants discourse of reason,
Would have mourn’d longer---married with my uncle,
这句话有两层意思,一层是“一头没有理性的畜生也要悲痛得长久些”,另一层是“她为什么就嫁给我的叔父”,我们可以看到在这两层意思之间有破折号连接,使其语意衔接。