It was a brief, shining moment in Egypt's history--a time of epochal change presided over by a Pharaoh named Akhenaten and his beautiful wife Nefertiti. During his 17-year reign the old gods were cast aside, monotheism was introduced, and the arts liberated from their stifling rigidity. Even Egypt's capital was moved to a new city along the Nile called Akhetaten (modern Amarna). But like Camelot, it was short-lived, and its legacy was buried in the desert sands.

Now Akhenaten's 3,400-year-old world has been brilliantly recalled in an exhibit titled "Pharaohs of the Sun: Akhenaten, Nefertiti, Tutankhamen," which opens this week at Boston's Museum of Fine Arts. Part of the city's eight-month tribute to ancient Egypt (operas, ballet and an IMAX film), it is a unique assemblage of more than 250 objects from Egypt's 18th dynasty, some of which have languished unseen in storerooms and private collections for decades. They range from larger-than-life statues of Akhenaten to exquisitely sculpted reliefs and dazzling jewelry to such poignant reminders of everyday life as a perfectly preserved child's sandal.

The exhibit illuminates a murky period in Egyptian history that curator Rita Freed describes as having "all the elements of a soap opera." When Amenhotep IV, as he was originally called, ascended the throne in 1353 B.C., Egypt was a flourishing empire, at peace with its neighbors. Yet there were troubling signs. His father Amenhotep III had already challenged the powerful priesthood by proclaiming the sun god Aten as foremost among Egyptian deities and himself as his living incarnation.

His son shook things up even more, not only changing his name to honor the new god (Akhenaten means "one who serves Aten") but also banishing the older gods, especially the priestly favorite Amen. Some scholars believe Akhenaten's monotheism, a historic first, inspired the Hebrew prophets, but it had the more immediate effect of freeing Egypt's artists. They could now portray the Pharaoh and the voluptuous Nefertiti (who may have shared the throne with him) in a far more casual, realistic way. Akhenaten's cone-shaped head, elongated face, fingers and toes, pot belly and flaring hips have led some scholars to suggest that he had hydrocephalus or Marfan's syndrome.

He was certainly a revolutionary, propelled either by madness or by great vision. Still, his changes did not endure. After his death, his son-in-law (and perhaps son) Tutankhamen moved the political and religious capitals back to Memphis and Thebes respectively and reinstated the old gods. Egyptian art returned to its classic, ritualized style. And like Camelot, Akhenaten's once bustling capital became only a mythic memory. "Pharaohs of the Sun" will remain in Boston until February, then travel to Los Angeles, Chicago and Leiden, the Netherlands.

[HJQ=550,923]326[/HJQ]

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难句突破
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温馨提示：
1.谢绝灌水！谢绝二次编帖！做不出答案，也要写答案！
2.答题时请隐藏答案 —— 只需在“所以回复人可见“打勾，方便回答了问题的朋友讨论。
3.积极参与学习者， 有沪元奖励哦！

注：本节目阅读理解材料选自《新东方考研英语阅读理解精读100篇》

论坛帖子:http://www.hjbbs.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=20&ID=371134

做题技巧：
大家在阅读文章第一遍时，应该首先把握住文章的核心内容和每段的核心内容。
做题时，找到该题对应的原句，然后结合原句所属的段落大意，找到正确答案。

Some of the concerns surrounding Turkey’s application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EU’s Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the country’s relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007.
Furthermore, the country’s recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, "stunning". GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkey’s inflation rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country reached agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic programme that will, according to the IMF’s managing director, Rodrigo Rato, "help Turkey... reduce inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economy’s resilience".

Resilience has not historically been the country’s economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by just under 5% in 1999. Indeed, throughout the 1990s growth oscillated like an electrocardiogram recording a violent heart attack. This irregularity has been one of the main reasons (along with red tape and corruption) why the country has failed dismally to attract much-needed foreign direct investment. Its stock of such investment (as a percentage of GDP) is lower now than it was in the 1980s, and annual inflows have scarcely ever reached $1 billion (whereas Ireland attracted over $25 billion in 2003, as did Brazil in every year from 1998 to 2000).

One deterrent to foreign investors is due to disappear on January 1st 2005. On that day, Turkey will take away the right of virtually every one of its citizens to call themselves a millionaire. Six noughts will be removed from the face value of the lira; one unit of the local currency will henceforth be worth what 1m are now-ie, about €0.53 ($0.70). Goods will have to be priced in both the new and old lira for the whole of the year, but foreign bankers and investors can begin to look forward to a time in Turkey when they will no longer have to juggle mentally with indeterminate strings of zeros.

1.What is Turkey’s economic situation now?（模仿2004年真题text 1第1题）

A.Its GDP per head is far lagging behind that of the EU members.
B.Its inflation rate is still rising.
C.Its economy grows faster than any EU member.
D.Its economic resilience is very strong.

2.We can infer from the second paragraph that__________.（模仿2001年真题text 1第2题）

A.Turkey will soon catch the average GDP level of the 15 pre-2004 EU members
B.inflation rate in Turkey used to be very high
C.Turkey’s economy will keep growing at present rate
D.IMF’s economic program will help Turkey join the EU

3.The word “oscillated” (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means_________.（模仿2004年真题text 1第3题）

A.fell
B.climbed
C.developed
D.swang

4.Speaking of Turkey’s foreign direct investment, the author implies that_________.（模仿1999年真题text 2第2题）

A.it’s stock is far less than that of other countries
B.it does not have much influence on Turkey’s economic progress
C.steady GDP growth will help Turkey attract more foreign direct investment
D.Turkey’s economic resilience relies on foreign direct investment

5.We can draw a conclusion from the text that__________.（模仿2002年真题text 3第4题）

A.foreign investment environment in Turkey will become better
B.Turkey’s citizens will suffer heavy loss due to the change of the face value of the lira
C.the local currency will depreciate with the removal of six noughts from the face value
D.prices of goods will go up

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难句突破
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温馨提示：
1.谢绝灌水！谢绝二次编帖！选不出答案，也要写答案！
2.答题时请隐藏答案 —— 只需在“回复只有楼主可见“打勾，方便回答了问题的朋友讨论。
3.积极参与学习者， 有沪元奖励哦！

注：本节目阅读理解材料选自《新东方考研英语阅读理解精读100篇》

The Prospects for Cancer Treatment

（1994.4）

①“I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we’ll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,” says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, and expert on cancer. “But,” he cautions, “some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur. He discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty of sixty years before cures were available.”

This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging – 13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas.

With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, When they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.

The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. “Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,” says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, “We can’t prepare a medicine against cosmic rays.”

②The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.

“First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action.”

名人名言：
________________________________________________________

Life is compared to voyage

Look before you leap, for snake among sweet flower do creep

A good conscience is a soft pillow

Time is like the water in sponge; if you squeeze, you can always get some.

Distance is naught while heart with heart can meet.

翻译句子
________________________________________________________

①“I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we’ll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,”

我非常有信心，十年以后，我们会对癌细胞的产生有更多的了解。

②The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.

治疗前景，尽管很遥远，但是很光明。

Google ready to test rival to Ebay’s Paypal

谷歌拟推出Gbuy网络支付系统

Shares in Ebay fell almost 4 per cent yesterday amid speculation that Google, the world’s biggest search engine group, is set to unveil a test version of a new online payment system to rival PayPal, the online auction site’s lucrative payment system.

 eBay股价昨日下跌近4%，因为人们猜测，全球最大的搜索引擎公司谷歌(Google)即将公布一款新型网络支付系统的测试版，与在线拍卖网站eBay利润颇丰的支付系统PayPal展开竞争。

The move, which has been expected for months, comes at a time of upheaval in the sector as the world’s biggest internet companies adjust their strategies to better compete with Google.

市场对谷歌推出新型支付系统的预期已有数月之久，此举恰逢该行业剧变，全球一些最大的互联网公司纷纷调整战略，以便更好地与谷歌竞争。

The payment service, called Gbuy, would mark Google’s latest expansion into businesses traditionally dominated by companies such as Microsoft, Yahoo and Ebay.

这项名为Gbuy的支付服务，标志着谷歌最新的业务扩张，进入传统上由微软(Microsoft)、雅虎(Yahoo)和Ebay等企业主导的领域。

注释：

lucrative adj.有利的

version n.版本

upheaval n.剧变

Is It Safe to Buy Online?

Is it safe to buy online? This is one of the most common questions I hear from new visitors to the World Wide Wed.

Sure, there are a lot of tempting goods for sale online. But electronic commerce (ecommoerce) is so new that most people have yet to try it. According to Forrester Research, only 10% of us bought online last year.

That first online purchase can be intimidating. Will my credit card be protected from hackers? Fortunately, online shopping is actually very safe.

Password Protection: If you shop using any up-to-date Internet browser like Microsoft’s Internet Explorer of America Online, your credit card number is well protected. Each shopping site will ask you to create a unique user name and password to identify yourself. ①Use some numbers and punctuation makes in your password to foil attempts to guess your password.

Encryption Security: Your browser scrambles important data before sending it. This “encryption” is so hard to crack that the government doesn’t allow the strongest encryption to be sold overseas. You can tell that your data has been protected, because the browser puts a small image of a key or lock in the lower corner. It will also pop up a reminder that you have just entered a secure connection. When you finally send your credit card number out into cyberspace, only the site where you are shopping has the key to unscramble it.

Government Guarantee: Even if your credit card number falls into the wrong hands, you are still protected by the Fair Credit Billing Act. Your credit card company cannot charge you any more than $50 of an illicit purchase made with your card (as long as you report the incorrect billing within 60 days). You also don’t have to pay while the credit card company investigates. And now, most major credit card companies tell me they have changed their policies so you don’t have to pay that & 50, even if you report a bogus charge months or years later.

Go ahead. Give it a try. You might just like it.

名人名言：
________________________________________________________

②Repentance is good, but innocence is better.

Many lords, many laws.

③Beauty, unaccompanied by virtue, is as a flower without perfume.

Suspicion is the poison of friendship.

Books are the ever-burning lamps of accumulated wisdom.

翻译句子
________________________________________________________

①    Use some numbers and punctuation makes in your password to foil attempts to guess your password.

在你的密码中加入一些数字和标点，可以防止被人猜出密码。

②Repentance is good, but innocence is better.

及时悔过很好，但保持清白更好。

③Beauty, unaccompanied by virtue, is as a flower without perfume.

有美德的人没有追随者，就像美丽的花没有香味。

Indian bill to impose regulation on media

印度拟立法监管传媒

India’s politically influential media empires will be forced to restructure under proposed legislation designed to cut down to size the country’s broadcasting monopolies.

根据一项拟议的法律，印度有政治影响力的传媒帝国将被迫重组。这部立法旨在削弱该国广播行业垄断者的规模。

The bill, a copy of which has been obtained by the Financial Times, will for the first time place the fast-growing broadcasting industry within a regulatory framework.

 《金融时报》已获得这部法律议案的副本，该法案将首次把迅速发展的广播行业置于监管框架之中。

The bill is aimed mainly at domestic media giants. However, it contains mandatory conditions for local programming that will also affect foreign broadcasters such as Sony and Star, part of Rupert Murdoch’s News Corp and the biggest foreign broadcaster in India.

议案主要针对国内传媒巨头。但是，有关本国节目的强制条件，同样会影响索尼(Sony)和星空(Star)等外国广播公司。星空属于鲁珀特·默多克(Rupert Murdoch)的新闻集团(News Corp)，也是印度最大的外国广播公司。

注释：

bill vi.宣布

mandatory adj.强制的

Don’t Try to Clone Humans

（1999.4）

When a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that it had cloned an adult sheep, President Clinton moved swiftly. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment – although no one had proposed to do so – and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. ①That group – the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) – has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a near-final draft of their recommendations.

NABC will ask that Clinton’s 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law. But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells – routine in molecular biology. The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.

In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be “morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning.” Shapiro explained during the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child. The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions, although some details have not been settled.

NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research of to knowingly endanger an embryo’s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.

NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. ②But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation, but in a phone interview, he said this issue was still “up in the air”

翻译句子
________________________________________________________

①    That group has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper,

那个小组努力的工作，将他们的观点写成论文。

②    But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning.

但是，他们对于是否进一步要求制定一条联邦法律来强制禁止人类克隆的问题上有分歧。

Oil and gas groups trail in wake of hurricane damage

美能源公司仍未修复去年飓风造成的损坏

Oil and gas companies are still scrambling to repair billions of dollars worth of hurricane-related damage to Gulf of Mexico energy infrastructure, even as this year’s hurricane season gets under way.

尽管今年的飓风季已经拉开序幕，但美国的石油和天然气企业仍在忙着修复去年的飓风对墨西哥湾能源基础设施造成的破坏，这些破坏带来的损失高达几百亿美元。

Last season's triple hit – from hurricanes Katrina, Rita and Wilma – cost the industry an estimated $31bn in damage, some of which will never be fixed. Chevron, for example, recently sank its Typhoon platform instead of investing in costly repairs.

上个飓风季的三场飓风——卡特里娜(Katrina)、丽塔(Rita)和威尔玛(Wilma)——给该行业带来估计高达310亿美元的破坏，其中有些破坏永远无法修复。例如，雪佛龙公司(Chevron)最近沉没了它的“台风号”(Typhoon)钻井平台，放弃对它进行成本高昂的修复。

It could take years to restore all the production companies plan to bring back online.

各家公司可能需要数年时间，才能完全恢复产能。

注释：

sink vt.使下沉

There is More We Can Do

After last week’s deadly shootings, President Clinton provided written answers to questions from NEWSWEEK’S Debra Rosenberg.

NEWSWEEK: Why not register all guns?

CLINTON: We have licenses for driving and for hunting; I think we should have them too for buying new handguns. Under my plan, new handgun purchasers would first have to get a state-issued photo license showing that they passed the Brady background check and a gun-safety training requirement.

NEWSWEEK: Is there any chance Congress will pass your plan this year?

CLINTON: It’s always tough to break the stranglehold the gun lobby has on the leaders of this Congress. But we’ve taken on the gun lobby before and won. The Brady Law is a great example.

NEWSWEEK: In 1998 you celebrated the fact that several major gun companies agreed to ship guns with safety locks. But now this doesn’t seem to be enough. What do you say to those who see your efforts as the first step toward an outright ban on gun ownership?

CLINTON: I applaud the responsible leaders in the gun industry who agreed to ship guns with child safety locks, but there is clearly more we can do. I fired my first 22 when I was just a boy. I grew up in a state where half the people have a hunting of fishing license. This isn’t about infringing on the ability of hunters and sportsman to get their firearms. It’s about saving lives. Some say that no law could have kept this handgun out of a 6-year-old’s hands. We can never know if any one proposal could have prevented these tragedies. I’ve proposed $ 10 million fund the development and expansion of “smart gun” technology that can limit a gun’s use to the proper adult owner. ①I’ve offered legislation to punish adults who recklessly let children have access to deadly weapons. A dozen children a day are killed by gunfire.

NEWSWEEK: What else can Americans do to end the sort of violent episodes that we witnessed last week?

CLINTON: Last week’s deadly incidents differed in many ways, but they shared one key element: guns in the wrong hands. So Congress can do its part by sending me commonsense legislation that can help keep guns away from criminals, children and others who should not have them. The media and entertainment industries can help change a culture that too often glorifies violence. ②And most fundamentally, parents can talk to their children, teach them to resolve their conflicts peacefully, raise them with the right values. In spite of last week’s awful events, I still believe we can make this the safest big country in the world.

翻译句子
________________________________________________________

①    I’ve offered legislation to punish adults who recklessly let children have access to deadly weapons.

我已经出台了惩罚成年人鲁莽的让孩子接近致命武器的法案。

②    And most fundamentally, parents can talk to their children, teach them to resolve their conflicts peacefully, raise them with the right values.

最根本的，家长应该教育他的孩子，用和平方式来处理冲突，为他们树立正确的价值观。

All parties in serious attempt to complete the Doha round

各方为多哈回合谈判“付出最后努力”

The troubled Doha round of global trade talks is witnessing the most serious attempt yet by the European Union, the US and developing countries to reach compromise on the contentious issues of farm trade that have brought it close to collapse.

在陷入困境的多哈回合全球贸易谈判中，欧盟(EU)、美国和发展中国家正在作出迄今为止最认真的一次努力，希望就有争议的农产品贸易问题达成妥协。这些问题已使多哈回合谈判濒临破裂的边缘。

Ahead of a crucial meeting of trade ministers at the World Trade Organisation in Geneva next week, President George W. Bush’s signal of strong political support for the talks has raised hopes the US will accept more constraints on its farm subsidies and moderate demands for access to foreign agricultural markets.

在世界贸易组织(WTO)下周于日内瓦举行至关重要的贸易部长会议之前，美国总统布什(George W. Bush)对谈判表示出的强有力的政治支持，加大了人们的希望，即美国也许将接受对其农产品补贴的更多限制，并降低进入外国农业市场的要求。

At this stage negotiators stressed they remained far apart and it was still far from clear a deal could be done. A first draft of a final agriculture agreement circulated yesterday by Crawford Falconer, the New Zealander who chairs the farm talks, contained 760 pairs of square brackets where consensus had yet to been reached – almost twice as many as the equivalent draft in the run-up to the disastrous Seattle WTO meeting in 1999.

在目前阶段，谈判各方强调，他们的分歧仍然很大，能否达成协议，前景仍很不明朗。农业谈判小组主席、新西兰的克劳福德·法尔科内(Crawford Falconer)昨日分发了最终农业协议的首份草案，其中尚未达成一致、用方括号括起来的地方达到760处，几乎达到1999年糟糕的西雅图世贸组织会议预备阶段同类草案的两倍。

But a spokesman for Peter Mandelson, EU trade commissioner, said Mr Mandelson had been impressed with Mr Bush’s determination during the EU-US summit this week to get a deal done.

但欧盟贸易专员彼得·曼德尔森(Peter Mandelson)的发言人表示，在本周欧美峰会期间，布什总统表示出的达成协议的决心，给曼德尔森留下了深刻印象。

Pascal Lamy, director-general of the WTO, said big emerging markets such as Brazil had shown a willingness to reduce tariff protection for their manufacturers, while the EU had signalled it could accept bigger cuts in farm tariffs than its initial bid of 39 per cent.

世贸组织总干事帕斯卡·拉米(Pascal Lamy)表示，巴西等大型新兴市场已表示愿意降低对制造商的关税保护，而欧盟也表示，可以接受较最初提出的39%更大幅度的农业关税削减。

“We have got political signals of flexibility on three sides of the triangle but more precision about exactly how much flexibility on two of those sides than the third,” he said. “We are now all waiting to see if the words of Mr Bush will be reflected in the US position at the negotiations.”

 “三角关系中的三方均已发出了可灵活变通的政治信号，其中两方比另一方更明确地说明了灵活的程度，”他说。“我们目前都在观望，布什总统的话是否会反映在美国的谈判立场中。”

“You don’t get a convergence unless people converge,” said a senior US trade official yesterday. “Everybody needs to move and we recognise that.”

 “除非开会的人聚在一起开会，否则无法达成一致，”美国一位高层贸易官员昨日表示。“每个人都需要采取行动，我们承认这一点。”

Mr Lamy said a compromise 54 per cent cut in average farm tariffs proposed by the group of 20 developing countries would provide a “landing zone” for the final deal.

拉米表示，20国集团(G20)提出的将农业关税平均削减54%的折衷方案，将为最终协议提供一个“着陆区”。

 注释：

contentious adj.有争议的

subsidy n.补助金, 津贴

constraint n.约束

signall v.以信号告知

Postwar Japan

（2000.4）

①Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next

.

The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were full satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.

②While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. “Those things that do not show up in the test scores – personality, ability, courage or humanity – are completely ignored,” says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee.“Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.” Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argue that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents.”

But that may have more to do with Japanese lifestyles. “In Japan,” says educator Yoko Muro,③ “it never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure” With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.

翻译句子
________________________________________________________

①Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe.

毫无目标不应是战后日本的特征，因为高度生产力和社会和谐度都是为美国和欧洲所艳羡的。

②While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression.

被外国人所称道的强调基础教育的日本教育体系，也趋向于对考试和机械教育的重视度高于创造性和个人表现的培养。

③ “it never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure”

问题已经不再是你是否享受你的工作和生活，而是你的忍耐程度有多高。

Philips to cut stake in chip unit to focus on healthcare

飞利浦将减持芯片业务股份

Philips will spin off or sell the majority of its semiconductor business by the end of the year, reducing exposure to the unpredictable chip sector, the Dutch electronics group said yesterday.

荷兰电子集团飞利浦(Philips)昨日表示，公司将于年底前分拆或出售大部分半导体业务，以降低在难以预测的芯片领域所面临的风险。

It will float or sell privately to financial investors most of Europe’s third largest semiconductor business, but retain a minority stake. However, the move may be a precursor to the company withdrawing from semiconductor manufacturing.

该公司将把大部分半导体业务单独上市或是私下出售给金融投资者，但是仍将保留少数股权。不过，此举或许预示着该公司将撤出半导体制造业。飞利浦的半导体业务在欧洲排名第三。

Philips said it had left open the possibility of reducing its stake after any flotation.

飞利浦表示，公司不排除在发行后减持股份的可能性。

注释：

spin off 分割

precursor n.先兆

flotation n.发行公债，发行股票

The Merging of Man and Computer in 21^st Century

Education in 2009: Toward Computer-Aided Self-Learning

Students typically have a computer of their own, a thin, tablelike device weighing under a pound, with a very-high-resolution display suitable for reading. Learning materials are accessed through wireless communication. The traditional mode of a human teacher instruction a group of children is still prevalent, but schools increasingly rely on software approaches. Teachers primarily attend to issues of motivation, psychological well-being, and socialization.

Business in 2009: Virtual Commerce Grows

At least half of all transactions are conducted online.① There is a strong trend toward the geographic separation of work groups. People are successfully working together despite living and working in different places. The average household has more than 100 computers, most of which are embedded in appliances and built-in communication systems. Household robots have emerged but are not yet fully accepted.

Health Care in 2009: Electronic Paramedics

Telemedicine is widely used: Physicians examine patients using visual, auditory examination from a distance. Computer-based pattern recognition is routinely used to interpret imaging data and other diagnostic procedures. Lifetime patient records are maintained in computer databases.

The Arts in 2009:

Media-Enhanced Expression

The computer screen is the medium of choice for visual art, which is becoming a collaboration between human artists and their intelligent art software. Technology allows nonmusicians to create music, such as cybernetic music-creation systems and software to create music from a person’s brain waves. Writers use voice-activated word processing and style-improvement software.

名人名言：
________________________________________________________

To flee vice is the beginning of virtue; and to have got rid of fool is the beginning of wisdom.

②Confessing a fault makes half amends for it.

Jealousy is cruel as the grave.

Time partially reconciles to anything.

翻译句子
________________________________________________________

①    There is a strong trend toward the geographic separation of work groups.

地域分离的工作组是一个强大趋势。

②Confessing a fault makes half amends for it.

承认错误即改正了一半。

Commodities multiply the world’s wealthy

大宗商品令世界富人财富激增

Latin America, the Middle East and Africa saw the greatest growth in the number of rich people last year as surging commodities prices and booming local stock exchanges increased the wealth of entrepreneurs and investors in emerging markets.

拉美、中东和非洲富人的数量去年出现最大幅度的增长，原因在于大宗商品价格飚升和当地证交所交易繁荣，增加了新兴市场企业主和投资者的财富。

The number of people with liquid assets of at least $1m grew by 10 per cent or more in those three regions, according to a report by Merrill Lynch, the investment bank, and Cap Gemini, the consultancy.

据投资银行美林(Merrill Lynch)和咨询机构凯捷(Cap Gemini)报告，上述三地流动资产至少100万美元的人数增加了10%或更多。

The report estimates last year there were 8.7m millionaires on the planet, an increase of 6.5 per cent upon 2004. What’s more, these people are becoming richer, with their total assets ris- ing 8.5 per cent last year to an estimated $33,300bn.

报告估计，去年全球共有870万百万富翁，比2004年增加了6.5%。并且这些人正变得更为富有，他们的总资产去年增加了8.5%，估计达到33.3万亿美元。

Wealthy people in North America, Europe and Asia continue to account for the vast majority of the world’s millionaires. These three regions account for 8m of the global total, and 82 per cent of total wealth.

在世界百万富翁中，北美、欧洲和亚洲的富人仍占绝大多数。上述三地的富人在全球总数中占800万，拥有总财富的82%。

The figures reflect the effects of economic growth and rising stock markets worldwide last year, particularly growing demand for commodities. Some of these gains are likely to have been reversed in recent months after a sharp sell-off in some emerging markets as some investors switched back to less risky asset classes.

这些数字反映了去年世界范围经济增长和股市上涨的效应，尤其是大宗商品需求不断上升产生的后果。其中部分涨幅或许在最近几个月有所回调，因为在一些新兴市场，部分投资者重新转向风险较小的资产类别，导致急剧抛售。

Swelling ranks of the rich have led to a scramble among the world’s largest banks to capture them as clients. Growing complexity of wealth management has encouraged rich people to shift assets to large financial institutions in recent years, though even the largest players still have only a very small share of the market.

日益扩大的富人阶级已导致全球最大银行之间激烈竞争，这些银行都想招揽他们成为自己的客户。财富管理复杂性的增大已促使富人在近些年把资产转入大型金融机构，而一个现实是，即使是规模最大的选手，也只在财富管理市场上拥有很小的一块份额。

The world’s rich continue to shift their money into alternative asset classes, with the proportion of wealth allocated to private equity and hedge funds rising to 20 per cent on average last year. That reflects a strong inflow into private equity, Merrill Lynch found. Lacklustre returns meant investors were less enthusiastic about hedge funds than in previous years.

全球的富人继续把资金转投向另类资产类别。去年，配置在私人股本和对冲基金上的财富比例平均上升到了20%。美林发现，这反映出财富强劲流入私人股本。由于对冲基金的回报乏善可陈，投资者对它们不像前几年那样热情。

注释：

millionaire n.百万富翁, 大富豪

sell-off n.证券的跌价

scramble vi.争夺

lacklustre adj.无光泽的

Alphabet for the Effective Manager

A – The manager is AMBITIOUS

B – BACKS his people

C – COMMUNICATES well with subordinates, peers, superiors

D – DELEGATES deftly, start small – increasing

E – is ETHICAL, give a kind of model to his people

F – is FAIR but FIRM, justice comes before charity

G – Catalyst for GROWTH, planned program of development

H –HUSBANDS his resources, avoid wasting resources

I – INSPIRES respect and confidence

J – Has good JUDGEMENT – Nobody is perfect

K- KNOWS the system within which he must work

L – LEADS, 3 alternatives: drives his people, pulls his people, seeks relationship

M – MOTIVATES, opportunities for subordinates to motivate themselves

N – is open to the New and novel, improvement, innovation

O – ORIENTED to the future, forecasting

P – PATIENTLY persistent, see everything, overlook a lot, correct a little

Q – Asks the right QUESTIONS such as “what is your opinion?”

R – REVIEWS the work of his people – preventative management

S – STAFFS efficiently, seek out and promote those who are able

T – Is a TEACHER and does not get tired of it

U – UNDERSTANDS himself, is aware of his assets

V – Is VEXED by the right things

W – ①WEARS well, distinguish between being merely slick and truly smooth

X – EXAMINE causes, not symptoms

Y – Never YIELDS his basic convictions

Z – Has a ZEST for the work be does

名人名言：
________________________________________________________

Imagination is not to be divorced from the facts.

The lover of nature is he whose inward and outward senses are still truly adjusted to each other; who has retained the spirit of infancy even into the era of manhood

②Craft must clothes, but truth loves to go naked.

A quiet conscience sleeps in thunder

翻译句子
________________________________________________________

①    WEARS well, distinguish between being merely slick and truly smooth

穿戴得体，分辨出朴实和优雅的区别。

② Craft must clothes, but truth loves to go naked.

服装制作需要精致，但真诚的爱情是赤裸的。

Tokyo fund set to diversify risk

日本公共养老基金拟投资中小型股票

Japan’s main public pension fund is poised to make a sizeable investment in the country’s small and mid-cap stocks for the first time.

日本主要的公共养老基金首次准备大举投资该国的中小型股票。

The management committee of the Government Pension Investment Fund is “very close” to reaching agreement on broadening its investment focus beyond the Tokyo Stock Exchange’s first section, a committee member has told the Financial Times.

日本政府养老金投资基金(GPIF)管理委员会的一位委员向英国《金融时报》透露，该委员会“非常接近”达成共识，同意将其投资范围扩大到东京证交所(TSE)一部以外。

The GPIF invests about Y100,000bn ($867bn) in assets on behalf of Japan’s citizens. About a quarter of this is in Japanese equities, mostly in the large-cap stocks that make up the TSE’s first section.

该基金代表日本公民，将大约100万亿日元（合8670亿美元）的资金投资于各项资产，其中约四分之一投在日本股市，主要是东京证交所一部的大型股。

注释：

diversify v.多元化投资

poise vi.准备好

equity n.资产净值

A New Currency “Euro”

①A new currency called the “Euro” was launched in Europe. It will replace eleven currencies by the year 2002 so that eleven European countries will share a common euro currency. The euro will make it easier for these countries to trade with each other and for other countries to trade with them.

The euro is the latest in a global economy of money which sees frantic trading of currency hours a day. Every day trillions of dollars are moved around the world via banks’ computers.

Even as nations sleep, the fiber optic cables, fax and phone lines, and Internet cyberspace highways are humming with the trade in money. This new form of electronic money is taking the place of the cash that we know from everyday dealings. Money has been used for many centuries but not always in form of coins and notes. Some cultures used shells, cloth and precious stones. Early Maori traded items of value such as food and greenstone. Historically, gold, silver, copper and brass became the commonest currency, used by the Chinese, Greeks, Romans, Arabs and Indians. Paper money was used in China as early as a thousand years ago.

Over time, the introduction of cheques, plastic credit cards, and recently electronic banking, have meant that new standards for measuring the value of money have been sought. You can seen the fluctuating value of money when you compare the buying power of the dollar over time – because of inflation, one dollar today buys less than a tenth of that one dollar could buy in 1967. The constant which could be guaranteed to measure the value of money used to be the gold bar. But gold has fluctuated since the standard price of gold (a constant at $ US 35 an ounce for decades) became moveable. Today gold is bought and sold daily. It has moved as high as $ US 800 an ounce, and now hovers around the $ US 250 to $ 270 mark. Stock exchangers are no guarantee of permanent values either.② Constancy is not constancy, to paraphrase Shakespeare, “which alters when its alteration finds.”

名人名言：
________________________________________________________

③Courage is not he towering oak that sees storms come and go; it is the fragile blossom that opens in the snow.

-----------Alice Swain

History is the essence of innumerable biographies.

-------------Tomas Carlyle

Errors like straw upon the surface flow; He who would search for pearls must dive below.

-------------John Dryden

The slightest stretch of any truth will produce an absurdity.

翻译句子
________________________________________________________

①    A new currency called the “Euro” was launched in Europe.

欧洲发行了一套名为“Euro”的货币。

②    Constancy is not constancy, to paraphrase Shakespeare, “which alters when its alteration finds.”

恒数已不再恒久不变，就像莎士比亚所描述的：“当发现是改变时，他已经改变了。”

③    Courage is not he towering oak that sees storms come and go; it is the fragile blossom that opens in the snow.

勇气不是看着暴风雪来了又去，而是在大雪中开辟新的道路。

Oil chiefs play down refining capacity fears

业界高管：全球炼油产能充足

Leading oil executives, including BP chief executive Lord Browne, have said there is plenty of oil refining capacity, in spite of market fears to the contrary.

包括英国石油(BP) 首席执行官布朗勋爵(Lord Browne)在内的主要石油企业高管们表示，目前炼油产能充足，尽管市场担心产能不足。

Oil prices remain close to $70 a barrel even though oil inventories in the developed world rose to their highest level in more than 20 years in April, suggesting there is no shortage of oil.

目前油价仍保持在接近每桶70美元，尽管4月份发达国家的石油库存升至20多年来最高水平，表明石油并不短缺。

Analysts said the high prices reflected the tightness in the production process of turning crude into finished products such as petrol, diesel and jet fuel.

分析人士曾表示，油价高企反映出在将原油提炼成汽油、柴油及航空燃油等成品油的生产方面，存在产能紧缺的问题。

注释：

inventory n.总量

diesel n.柴油

Credit Card

①America’s love affair with the credit card began in 1949. When businessman Frank McNamara finished a meal in a New York restaurant and then discovered he had no cash. In those days, gasoline and store charge cards were common, but cash was standard for almost everything else. McNamara called his wife, who rushed over to bail him out. His embarrassment gave him the idea for Diners Club.

Within a year some 200 people carried the world’s first multi-use card. For an annual fee of $5, these card holders could charge meals at 27 restaurants in and around New York City. By the end of 1951 more than a million dollars had been charged on the growing number of cards, and the company was soon turning a profit.

The problem was to persuade enough people to carry the cards. Diners Club turned to promotions. It gave away a round-the-world trip on a popular television show. The winners charged their expenses and made it “from New York to New York without a dime in their pocket”.

By 1955 the convenience of charging was catching on in a big way.

The first to turn a profit was Bank of America’s Bank Americard. Bankers from all over the country descended on it’s California headquarters to learn the secret of its success – so many that in 1966 Bank Americard began forming alliances with banks outside the state.

Five million holiday credit card shoppers would have created a bonanza for banks, but in the dash to market, the banks had been less than cautious in assembling their lists. Some families received 15 cards. Dead people and babies got cards. Hundreds of Chicagoans discovered they could use of sell a card they “found” and by law, the person whose name appeared on it was liable for the charges – even if he or she had never requested of received the card.

②The disaster sparked a movement to regulate the industry. Public Law 91-508, signed by President Nixon in October 1970, prohibited issuers from sending cards to people who hadn’t requested them and all but eliminated card-holder liability for charges on a card reported lost or stolen. Later, the Fair Credit Billing Act set standard procedures for resolving billing disputes.

Of course, Credit cards have not only replaced cash for many purposes, but also in effect have created cash by making it instantly available virtually everywhere. Experts estimate there are from 15,000 to 19,000 different cards available in his country.

③So the revolution that began in 1949 with a embarrassed businessman who was out of cash now seems complete. What Alfred Bloomingdale, then president of Diners Club, predicted more than 30 years ago seems to have come true: an America where “there will be only two classes of people—those with credit and those who can’t get them.”

翻译句子
________________________________________________________

①    America’s love affair with the credit card began in 1949.

美国从1949年开始盛行使用信用卡。

②    The disaster sparked a movement to regulate the industry.

这个灾难，导致发动了一场行业调整的行动。

③    So the revolution that began in 1949 with a embarrassed businessman who was out of cash now seems complete.

所以这场革命，是从1949年开始的，是一个因为忘带现金而导致窘困的商人完成的。

EADS warning prompts probes into sales

欧洲EADS高管售股遭调查

EADS management is facing twin probes by stock market authorities and its main shareholders following the Franco-Germa-group’s shock profit warning this week amid delays on its flagship Airbus 380 airliner.

欧洲航空防务与航天公司(EADS)管理层，正面临来自股票市场监管机构及主要股东的双重调查。此前，在多次推迟其旗舰机型空客(Airbus)380客机交货的同时，这家法德合资航空航天集团于本周发布令人震惊的利润预警。

The AMF, France’s stock market regulator, is understood to be looking into share sales by several directors in March, including Nore Forgeard, joint chief executive, who made a gain of about €2.5m ($3.2m), just weeks before the board was alerted to problems in the world’s biggest passenger aircraft.

据悉，法国股票市场监管机构AMF正在对该公司几位董事今年3月份出售股票一事展开调查，其中包括公司联席首席执行官诺尔·弗加德(Nore Forgeard)。他通过售股获得大约250万欧元(合320万美元)。就在几周后，董事会接到有关这种全球最大客机存在问题的警告。

注释：

probe n.调查

How New York Became America’s Largest City

In the 18^th century New York was smaller than Philadelphia and Boston. Today it is the largest city in America. How can the change in its size and importance be explained?

To answer this question we must consider certain facts about geography, history, and economics. Together these three will explain the huge growth of America’s most famous city.

The map of the Northeast shows that the four areas with the largest populations in this region are around seaports. At these points materials from across the sea enter the United States, and the products of the land are sent there for export across the sea.

We know that places where transportation lines meet are good places for making raw materials into finished goods. That is why seaports often have cities nearby. But cities like New York needed more than their geographical location in order to become great industrial centers.

About 1815, when many Americans from the east had already moved toward the west, transportation routes from the seaports to the central regions of the country began to be a serious problem. The slow wagons of that time, usually draw by horses, were too expensive for moving

heavy freight very far. ①In New York a canal seemed the best answer to the transportation problem. From the eastern end of Lake Erie all the way across the state to the Hudson River there is a long strip of low land. Here the Erie Canal was built. After several years of work it was completed in 1825.

The canal produced an immediate effect. Freight costs were cut to about one tenth of what they had been. New York City, which had been smaller than Philadelphia and Boston, quickly became the leading city of the coast.

The coming of the railroads made canal shipping less important, but it tied New York even more closely to the central regions of the country. It was easier for people in the central states to ship their goods to New York for export overseas.

Exports from New York were greater than imports. ②As a result, shipping companies made every effort to fill their ships with passengers on the return trip from Europe. And so passenger could come from Europe very cheaply.

Thus New York became the greatest port for receiving people from European countries. Many of these people remained in the city. For these great numbers of new Americans New York had to provide homes, goods and other things. Their labor helped the city become great.

英语谚语
________________________________________________________

③A stitch in time saves nine.

No bees, no honey; no work, no money.

Greatest genius often lies concealed.

翻译句子
________________________________________________________

①In New York a canal seemed the best answer to the transportation problem.

在纽约修一条运河，似乎是解决运输问题的最佳答案。

②As a result, shipping companies made every effort to fill their ships with passengers on the return trip from Europe.

结果，海运公司回程时，为了填充货船，承载了很多来自欧洲的乘客。

③A stitch in time saves nine.

及时弥补一分过失，可以省却九分力。

China has ended coal shortages, says BP energy review

 “中国已解决煤炭短缺问题”

China’s coal shortages have been resolved, and last year the country’s coal production and consumption were in balance, according to BP’s review of world energy markets, published yesterday.

据英国石油(BP)昨天公布的世界能源市场评论，中国的煤炭短缺问题已得到解决，去年中国的煤产量与消耗量保持平衡。

Coal continues to be the world’s fastest-growing energy source, outpacing oil and gas, according to BP. This reflects the rising price of gas, which has made coal more cost-effective for generating electricity, and the growing demand for energy from China, which has large coal reserves.

据英国石油称，煤炭仍是世界增长最快的能源来源，超过石油和天然气。这反映了天然气价格的上涨以及中国能源需求的上升。天然气价格的上涨使煤炭成为更具有成本效益的发电能源，而中国拥有庞大的煤炭储量。

China is the world’s second largest consumer of energy after the US, and is the biggest producer and consumer of coal.

中国是仅次于美国的世界第二大能源消耗国，也是最大的煤炭生产国和消耗国。

BP said that China accounted for 80 per cent of the growth in world demand for coal in 2005. Chinese coal consumption rose by 11 per cent last year, while its coal production rose by 10.3 per cent. China produced slightly more coal than it consumed.

英国石油表示，中国占2005年全球煤炭需求增量的80%。去年中国的煤炭消耗量上升11%，而煤炭产量上升10.3%。中国的产煤量略高于消耗量。

Peter Davies, chief economist at BP, said that China had “resolved the shortage of coal for power generation” seen in 2004, and was also now the world’s largest producer of hydroelectric power, following the opening of the Three Gorges dam.

英国石油首席经济学家彼得·戴维斯(Peter Davies)表示，中国已“解决了2004年出现的发电用煤短缺问题”，而且在三峡大坝开始发电后，已成为全球最大的水力发电国。

Thanks to the China effect, growth in demand for coal grew faster than demand for gas in 2004 and 2005. Consumption of gas rose by 2.3 per cent, down from 3.3 per cent in 2004, reflecting the disruption to gas supplies caused by last year’s hurricanes in the US, and the fact that high gas prices had hit demand, said BP.

由于中国因素，2004年和2005年，煤炭需求增速高于天然气需求。英国石油称，2005年天然气消耗量增长2.3%，比2004年的3.3%有所减缓，这是对去年美国飓风造成天然气供应中断以及天然气价格高企抑制需求的反映。

Growth in oil consumption in 2005 was also weak, up 1.3 per cent compared with more than 2.8 per cent in 2004.

2005年石油消耗量增长同样疲软，为1.3%，而2004年的石油消耗量增长逾2.8%。

BP said that global oil reserves rose by about 0.5 per cent, below the average rate for the last 10 years of about 1.7 per cent, and down on the average of 3.3 per cent growth for the 10 years between 1985 and 1995. BP estimated that the world had less than 41 years’ worth of oil consumption left. But Lord Browne added that improvements in oil recovery techniques would yield more reserves.

英国石油称，全球石油储量上升了约0.5%，低于过去10年1.7%的平均增长率，也低于1985年至1995年10年间3.3%的平均增长率。英国石油估计，全球可供消耗的石油储量已不足41年。但英国石油首席执行官布朗勋爵表示，石油采收技术的改进，将产生更多的储量。

注释：

outpace vt.超过...速度

hydroelectric adj.水力发电的

gorge n.山峡

disruption n.中断

Entrepreneur

开拓型企业家

A woman goes to work for a large corporation like IBM. She is intelligent, ambitious and hard-working. She is also good at solving problems. She likes the security of a definite salary and the security of knowing that there will always be a defined job to be done, a definite direction in which to exert her abilities. Perhaps the consciousness that ability will be rewarded is also important. A man goes to work for the government service. He is competent and hard-working but he is not ambitious. He does not like to work under pressure or in a competitive environment. His real interests lie outside work in his love of music. ①Another brash young man who wants only to work for himself proceeds to set up his own business, starting with a hamburger franchise for which he borrows money. His satisfaction is to see things happen. He wants to be able to make things happen. He wants to look at the accounts at the end of the month and see what has happened. He wants the maximum responsibility and the maximum reward; he does not mind the risk.

②It is the urge to bring something about that defines the entrepreneur. This urge is not unlike that of the painter of writer. There is an urge to make something happen, something that was not there before. The medium chosen by the entrepreneur is action or operation. The aesthetic satisfaction is that of seeing something happening effectively, of seeing decisions correctly made. This satisfaction is made concrete by money. ③Money is the indicator of success but not necessarily the driving factor. The test would be simple: if an entrepreneur was suddenly given as much money as he wanted, would he stop his activities of use the money to develop new ones? History is very much on the side of the new activities.

The entrepreneur seeks out opportunities; he tries things out; he makes decisions based as much on hunch as on analysis. Quite often he starts up a successful business which grows to such a size that his entrepreneurial style of management is no longer the best and he has to resign if the company is to survive.

Entrepreneurs are the risk element in society, the evolutionary element that brings about change as distinct from the operating element that keeps things ticking over. In too many countries they are discouraged as being greedy and selfish.

英语谚语
________________________________________________________

The life of the wolf is the death of the lamb.

There comes nothing out of the sack but what is in it.

Death pays all debts.

翻译句子
________________________________________________________

①Another brash young man who wants only to work for himself proceeds to set up his own business,

另一个傲慢男士，如果他只想为他自己的利益而工作，可以去建立他自己的公司。

②It is the urge to bring something about that defines the entrepreneur.

一个拥有想要产生一些东西的欲望的人，被定义为企业家。

③Money is the indicator of success but not necessarily the driving factor.

金钱是成功的象征，但不一定是驱动因素。

 Lehman shares dip in spite of earnings surge

雷曼第2季度收益大增47%

Lehman Brothers yesterday reported a 47 per cent jump in second-quarter earnings but its shares fell sharply amid investor fears that volatile markets and rising interest rates could cut into Wall Street’s recent run of blockbuster profits.

雷曼兄弟(Lehman Brothers)昨日公布，公司第二季度收益大增47%，但其股价却大幅下挫，原因是投资者担心波动较大的市场和不断上升的利率，会中止华尔街投行近来利润大增的趋势。

The Wall Street bank said it earned $1bn, or $1.69 a share, in the second quarter, up from $683m, or $1.13 a share, a year earlier. Strong fixed-income trading results offset a sharp drop in debt-underwriting revenue.

这家华尔街投行表示，公司第二季度收益为10亿美元，合每股收益1.69美元，而上年同期的收益为6.83亿美元，合每股1.13美元。该公司固定收益产品交易业务业绩强劲，抵消了债券承销收入大幅下降的负面影响。

注释：

volatile adj.不稳定的

blockbuster n.(破坏力极大的)巨型炸弹

offset vt.抵销

Bring Birth Rate Under Control

It remains to be seen whether the reserves of raw materials in the year 2000 will be sufficient to supply a world economy which will have grown by five hundred percent. South-East Asia alone will have an energy consumption five times greater than that of Western Europe in 1970. Incidentally, if the underdeveloped countries started using up petrol at the same rate as the industrialized areas, then world reserves would be exhausted by 1990.

①All this only goes to show just how important it is to set up a plan to conserve and divide up fairly natural resources on a worldwide scale. This is a matter of life and death because world population is expanding at an incredible rate. By the middle of the next century population will expand every year by as much as it did in the first 1500 years after Christ. In the southern, poor parts of the glove, the figures are enough to make your hair stand on the end. Even supposing that steps are taken to stabilize world population in the next fifty years, the number of inhabitants per square kilometer will increase by from 4 in the United States to 140 in South East Asia. What can we do about it?

In the first hypothesis we do nothing. By the year 2000, the southern parts of the world would then have a population greater than the total world population today.

Alternately we could start acting right now to bring birth rate under control within fifteen years so that population levels off. Even then the population in the southern areas would not stop growing for seventy-five years. And the population would level off at something like twice today’s figure.

Finally, we could wait ten to twenty years before taking action. If we wait ten years the population of the southern area would stabilize at 3,000 million. Even today the number of potential workers increases by 350,000 people per week. By the end of the century this figure will reach 750,000. In other words, it will be necessary to find work for 40 million people per year – not to speak of food.

What this means in practical term we can scarcely imagine. ②But clearly if we do nothing, nature will solve the problem for us. But at what cost!

名人名言：
________________________________________________________

③The liberty of the individual must be thus limited: he must not make himself a nuisance to other people

------------Mill

Peace does not rest in charters and treaties alone. It lies in the hearts and minds of the people.

----------Kennedy

Isolation means, in future, death and ruin of the country

-----------------------Nethru

翻译句子
________________________________________________________

①All this only goes to show just how important it is to set up a plan to conserve and divide up fairly natural resources on a worldwide scale.

所有这些仅仅为了显示出，在全球范围内建立储备和公平分配自然资源的计划的重要性。

②But clearly if we do nothing, nature will solve the problem for us. But at what cost!

但是，很明显，如果我们什么都不做，自然法则会解决这一问题。但我们会付出很大的代价！

③The liberty of the individual must be thus limited: he must not make himself a nuisance to other people

个人自由是有限度的：他必须不会危害到其他人的利益。

China to promote ethanol in attempt to cut pollution

中国考虑推广乙醇燃料

China is considering a change in its energy policy to encourage the wider use of ethanol, a clean fuel made from agricultural products, to target the nation’s worsening air quality, a leading trader of the commodity said.

一家知名的大宗商品交易机构表示，中国正考虑改变能源政策，鼓励推广乙醇的使用，以求缓解空气质量的恶化。乙醇是一种由农产品加工而成的清洁燃料。

Fabrizio Zichichi, head of ethanol at Noble Group, one of the world’s largest commodities traders, said he had been told by government policymakers on a recent trip to China that Beijing could set a target by the end of this year for the share of ethanol in the nation’s energy mix.

全球规模最大的大宗商品交易机构之一“来宝集团”(Noble Group)乙醇交易主管法布里齐奥·齐基基(Fabrizio Zichichi)表示，在最近一次访华期间，中国政府的政策制定者告诉他，北京可能在今年年底前确定乙醇在中国能源结构中的比重指标。

Such a move would indicate crucial political support for investment in the production, import and distribution of the biofuel in China and could have an impact on world ethanol prices, which experts say will soon peak on current consumption patterns.

此举将意味着，在中国投资于这种生物燃料的生产、进口和销售将获得关键的政治支持，并可能对全球乙醇价格产生影响。专家表示，就目前的消费格局而言，乙醇价格很快将达到峰值。

“It makes sense for Beijing to look closely at ethanol. Not only will it help the country wean itself off its dependence on oil and coal but a large ethanol market in China could help spread wealth to the rural poor, as Brazil has shown,” he said.

他表示：“中国政府密切关注乙醇是有道理的。这不仅有助于中国减轻对石油和煤炭的依赖，而且在中国形成大规模的乙醇市场，也有助于将财富转移至农村的贫困人口，就像巴西已经做到的那样。”

Mr Zichichi brushed off criticism that a programme to encourage farmers to sell their products to ethanol plants would cause food shortages. “A higher profit margin could only encourage farmers to raise their yield,” he said. “And the benefits in Brazil have shown that there is little to fear.”

有批评称，鼓励农民将农产品出售给乙醇加工厂的方案，可能导致粮食短缺，齐基基对此不以为然。“利润率的提高只会鼓励农民提高产量，”他表示。“而且，巴西的成功经验表明，没什么可担心的。”

China’s central government, however, has had limited success in driving the use of more environmentally-friendly fuels. For years, it has tried to popularise the use of natural gas but its efforts have been curtailed by the difficulty of securing supplies and developing a substantial local market.

不过，在推动使用更加环保的燃料方面，中国政府取得的成就相当有限。多年来，中国政府一直试图推广天然气的使用，但由于在确保供应和发展大规模本地市场方面遭遇困难，这些努力的成效不大。

But analysts say it is easier to implement an ethanol policy in China by making E10 mandatory at petrol stations and by encouraging local production.

不过，分析人士表示，通过强制加油站提供E10车用混合汽油，并鼓励地方生产，中国可以更容易地实施乙醇燃料政策。

注释：

ethanol n.乙醇

biofuel n.生物燃料

wean vt.使丢弃

rural adj.农村的

yield n.产量

popularise v.普及

curtail vt.缩减

mandatory adj.强制的

Economics: a Precise Science?

（1997.T5）

①Much of language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes”, makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before police changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.

Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.

It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America’s inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, It fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. ②This is no flash in the pan. Over the past couple years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.

Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America’s, have little productive slack. America’s capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment – the rate below which inflation has taken off on the past.

Why has inflation proved so mild? ③The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up ended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.

名人名言：
________________________________________________________

Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, religion and morality are indispensable supports. In vain would that man claim the tribute of patriotism who should labor to subvert these great pillars of human happiness.

------------------G. Washington

翻译句子
________________________________________________________

①Much of language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes”, makes it sound like a precise science.

很多语言用来描述货币政策，像“操控经济达到软着落”或“触底刹车”，这些名词听起来好像是很精确的科学。

②This is no flash in the pan. Over the past couple years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.

这不是偶然现象。过去几年里，英国和美国的通货膨胀率持续低于预期数字。

③The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective.

很不幸，对于这一现象的解释，有一些缺陷。

Airbus studies plans for assembly in China

可能在华总装 空客选址天津

Airbus will decide later this year whether to press ahead with plans to assemble aircraft in China for the first time, after yesterday selecting a site near Beijing which could produce aircraft from its A320 family.

空中客车(Airbus)昨日选定北京附近一个地点，可能用于生产其A320系列型号的飞机。该公司将于今年晚些时候决定，是否实施首次在中国总装飞机的计划。

The European aircraft manufacturer hopes that assembling aircraft in China will give it an edge in its fierce contest for orders with Boeing, and also attract Chinese investment for its next generation of narrow-body aircraft.

这家欧洲飞机制造商希望，在华进行飞机总装，会使其在与波音公司(Boeing)争夺订单的激烈竞争中处于有利位置，同时也为其下一代窄体飞机吸引中国的投资。

Airbus said an initial feasibility study had identified the northern port city of Tianjin for the assembly line, which would be aimed exclusively at the Chinese market. A final decision is expected in September, and the first deliveries could start in 2008, expanding production to four aircraft a month by 2010.

空客表示，一项初步的可行性研究已确定，将总装线放在中国北方的港口城市天津，专门面向中国市场。预计最终决定将于今年9月份作出，并于2008年开始首批交货，到2010年将产量扩大至每月4架飞机。

注释：

exclusively adv.专有地

delivery n.交货

Develop a Peaceful Heart

Make Peace with Imperfection.

①I’ve yet to meet an absolute perfectionist whose life was filled with inner peace. The need for perfection and the desire for inner tranquility conflict with each other. Whenever we are attached to having something a certain way, better than it already is , we are focused on what’s wrong with something and need to fix it. When we are zeroed in on what’s wrong it implies that we dissatisfied, discontent.

Whether it’s related to ourselves – a disorganized closet, a scratch on the car, an imperfect accomplishment, a few pounds we would like to lose – or someone else’s “imperfections”—the way someone looks, behaves, or lives their life – the very act of focusing on imperfection pills us away from our goal of being kind and gentle. ②This strategy has nothing to do with ceasing to do your very best but with being overly attached and focused on what’s wrong with life. It’s about realizing that while there’s always a better way to do something, this doesn’t mean that you can’t enjoy and appreciate the way things already are.

The solution here is to catch yourself when you fall into your habit of insisting that things should be other than they are. Gently remind yourself that life is okay the way it is, right now. In the absence of your life, you’ll begin to discover the perfection in life itself.

Count to Ten.

When I was growing up father used to count out loud to ten when he was angry with my sisters and me. It was strategy he, and many other parents, used to cool down before deciding what to do next.

I’ve improved this strategy by incorporating the use of the breath. All you have to do is this: When you feel yourself getting angry, take a long, deep inhalation, and as you do, say the number one to yourself. Then, relax your entire body as you breathe out. Repeat the same process with the number two; all the way through at least ten (if you’re really angry, continue to twenty-five). What you are doing here is clearing your mind with a mini version of a meditation exercise. The combination of counting and breathing is so relaxing that it’s almost impossible to remain angry once you are finished. The increased oxygen in your lungs and the time gap between the moment you became angry and the time you finish the exercise enables you to increase your perspective. It helps make “big stuff” look like “little stuff.” The exercise is equally effective in working with stress or frustration. Whenever you feel a little off, give it a try.

The truth is, this exercise is a wonderful way to spend a minute or two whether or not you’re angry. ③I’ve incorporated this strategy into my daily life simply because it’s relaxing and I enjoy it. Often, it helps me to keep from getting angry in the first place.

翻译句子
_______________________________________________________

①I’ve yet to meet an absolute perfectionist whose life was filled with inner peace.

我还从未见过一个完全的完美主义者会保持内心的宁静。

②This strategy has nothing to do with ceasing to do your very best but with being overly attached and focused on what’s wrong with life.

这一策略不是说我们尽善尽美，而是我们太过关注我们生活中的不如意。

③I’ve incorporated this strategy into my daily life simply because it’s relaxing and I enjoy it.

我把这一简单的策略应用于我的日常生活中，因为它可以帮助我放松，并使我得到享受。

雅虎购入韩国在线购物网站10%股份

Yahoo, the internet media company, is strengthening its presence in South Korea’s fast- growing online shopping market by taking a 10 per cent stake in Gmarket.

互联网传媒公司雅虎(Yahoo) 购入韩国大型在线购物商场Gmarket10%的股份，以此增强其在该国迅速增长的在线购物市场中的实力。

The deal, announced yesterday, came as Gmarket, a leading online shopping mall, said it was filing for an initial public offering on Nasdaq.

此笔交易于昨日宣布之际，Gmarket表示正申请在纳斯达克进行首次公开发行(IPO)。

The internet shopping market in South Korea, the world’s most wired country with broadband connections in 70 per cent of households, has annual revenues of about $11bn, a figure expected to rise to $14bn next year.

韩国在线购物市场的年收入约为110亿美元，预计这一数字明年将升至140亿美元。韩国是全球互联网络最发达的国家，家庭宽带接入率为70%。

Concern for turtles puts $8bn LNG plan in doubt
雪佛龙在澳洲能源项目遭海龟"挡道"

The Australian authorities yesterday pledged to work with Chevron to help it overcome environmental objections to one of the country's biggest resources projects.
澳大利亚政府昨天承诺，将与雪佛龙(Chevron)合作，协助它克服其资源项目在环保上面临的异议。该项目是澳洲最大的资源项目之一。

Chevron's planned A$11bn ($8.1bn) Gorgon liquefied natural gas project was thrown into doubt yesterday after the environmental protection agency in Western Australia said it was "unacceptable" in its current form.
雪佛龙价值110亿澳元(合81亿美元)的高更(Gorgon)液化天然气项目计划昨天遭到质疑。西澳大利亚州的环境保护机构称，该项目目前的形式是"无法接受的"。

Alan Carpenter, the state's premier, moved quickly to allay business concerns over the agency's findings, stressing his government would have the final say over whether the high-profile project progressed.
西澳大利亚州长艾伦·卡彭特(Alan Carpenter)迅速表态，试图减轻企业对环保机构结论引发的担忧，并强调说，这个引人瞩目的项目是否进行，最终由政府说了算。
 
The EPA raised concerns over the impact of dredging on the marine environment and of risks to indigenous fauna, in particular the flatback turtle.
对挖泥作业对海洋环境的影响，以及对本土物种，尤其是平背海龟面临的风险，澳大利亚环境保护管理局(EPA)表示担忧。
 
注释：

turtle n.海龟
liquefy v.(使)液化
allay vt.减轻
dredge v.挖掘
indigenous adj.本土的
fauna n.动物群

SKT eyes China Unicom stake

韩国SKT拟11亿美元入股中国联通

South Korea’s biggest mobile phone operator SK Telecom is planning to buy a 10 per cent stake in China’s second-largest mobile group China Unicom for about $1.1bn in a move that would give it a foothold in the lucrative Chinese market.

韩国最大的移动电话运营商SK Telecom(SKT)计划出资约11亿美元，购买中国第二大移动电话集团中国联通(China Unicom) 10%的股份，此举将使SKT在利润丰厚的中国市场立足。

SKT is now in the process of hiring advisers to make the investment and the mandate is likely to be awarded “imminently,” according to bankers who have been approached.

据SKT已经接洽的一些银行家表示，该公司目前正处于延聘顾问进行此笔投资的阶段，可能“很快”就会选定顾问。

“SK Telecom is looking to make a deal this year – they have 50 people looking at a very large investment into China,” said one banker in Seoul. Others confirmed the target was China Unicom.

首尔一位银行家表示：“SKT希望今年达成交易——它们有50名员工正在研究对中国进行一项大额投资。”其他人士证实，该公司的目标就是中国联通。

South Korean mobile operators have been struggling to develop new revenue sources in their saturated $17bn home market.

在韩国业已饱和、规模为170亿美元的本土市场上，该国手机运营商一直在力图开发新的收入来源。

They have been investing heavily in third generation networks in the hope that wireless data services – which now contribute about a quarter of SKT’s total revenue – will create a new market.

它们一直在第三代网络（3G）方面大举投资，希望无线数据服务能够创建一个新市场。目前，该项服务占SKT总收入的四分之一左右。

However, analysts were sceptical about the investment, saying that China Unicom had an unclear future and it was unlikely the Korean company would have much say in any restructuring.

然而，分析人士对SKT投资联通持怀疑态度。他们表示，中国联通的前景不太明朗，而且在任何重组事宜上，这家韩国公司不太可能拥有多大的决定权。

China Unicom’s revenues and profits are dwarfed by those of its larger rival China Mobile, and its shares have fallen by more than half since listing in Hong Kong in 1999.

与规模更大的竞争对手中国移动相比，中国联通的收入及利润都相形见绌。自1999年在港上市以来，中国联通的股价已跌逾一半。

Based on its current market capitalisation of about $11bn, the deal would be worth about $1.1bn.

根据中国联通目前大约110亿美元的市值推算，此笔交易的价值将约为11亿美元。

Analysts said Chinese telecom companies had large capital expenditure demands and still had to account for 3G, raising the prospect that investors such as SKT would be tapped for further funds.

分析人士称，中国电信企业的资本支出需求很大，而且还要考虑3G问题，这加大了中国企业进一步向类似SKT等投资者筹资的可能性。

Cindy Kang, an SKT spokeswoman, yesterday said the company was “continually looking for possibilities to enter the Chinese market” but declined to comment on any investment in China Unicom.

SKT发言人Cindy Kang昨日表示，该公司“正继续寻求进入中国市场的可能性”，但她拒绝就任何对中国联通的投资发表置评。

注释：

lucrative adj.有利的

imminently adv.迫切地

mandate n.委任托管权

saturate v.使饱和

sceptical adj.怀疑的

dwarf v.(使)变矮小

tap vt.选择

父亲节特辑——父亲的爱：博大深沉

当我们疲惫不堪的时候，父亲的深沉教诲与鼓励是我们重新起航的动力；
当我们迷茫的时候，父亲的处世之道与人生智慧，会让我们豁然开朗；
当我们受了委屈无处倾诉的时候，父亲递上的一杯清茶，一句鼓励，都会让我们感到温暖；
父亲的爱，不是母亲般的慈祥温柔，无微不至，而是谆谆教诲，为我们指引人生的方向……

请谈一谈你和父亲的故事，为父亲送出祝福！

参与者有沪币奖励！

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What Is Drug?

（1997.3）

Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily of mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don’t realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. ①The phrase “substance abuse” is often used instead of “drug abuse” to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.

We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drug) is prevalent: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigar for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence.②Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.

Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek work meaning “mind-manifesting) because they seemed to radically alter one’s state of consciousness.

名人名言：
________________________________________________________

My philosophy of life is work. I want to bring out the secret of nature and apply them for the happiness of man. I know of no better service to render for the short time we are in his world.

---------Adison

③Love your neighbor – yet don’t pull down your hedge.

-----------Franklin

People who are very quick are apt to be too sure. Slow and steady win the race.

-------------Aesop

翻译句子
_______________________________________________________

①The phrase “substance abuse” is often used instead of “drug abuse” to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.

“物质滥用”这个名词通常用来代替“药物滥用”，表明像酒精和香烟这样的物质，如果被滥用，会像吗啡、可卡因一样有害。

②Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.

药物依赖的标志，首先是逐渐提高的使用量，需要服用更多的物质才能达到效果；其后是如果停止使用该物质，便会有明显的不适症状。

③Love your neighbor – yet don’t pull down your hedge.

热爱你的邻居——即使不会拉近关系。

Merkel faces revolt over ‘slow pace’ of reforms

德国总理被责经济改革缓慢

Angela Merkel faces the first credible challenge to her leadership since she became chancellor six months ago after senior members of her Christian Democratic Union at the weekend openly revolted over the slow pace of economic reform.

自担任德国总理半年以来，安格拉·默克尔(Angela Merkel)可能首次面临挑战。她领导的基督教民主联盟(Christian Democratic Union)高级成员周末对缓慢的经济改革速度公开表示不满。

Seven of the country’s 11 conservative state premiers, who control the Bundesrat, parliament’s upper house, are refusing to approve what they describe as a flawed and inadequate bill aimed at curbing runaway unemployment insurance costs.

控制德国议会上院联邦参议院11位保守的州长中，有7位拒绝批准一份旨在抑制失业保险成本失控的议案，称该议案有缺陷且不充分。

注释：

revolt v.反抗

curb v.抑制

S Korea watchdog swoops on banks in fees investigation

韩国监察机构突击调查银行收费

South Korea’s Fair Trade Commission yesterday paid surprise visits on 11 banks, including Citibank and Standard Chartered, on suspicion of colluding to set fees across a broad range of consumer finance products.

韩国公平交易委员会(Fair Trade Commission) 昨天突然造访花旗银行(Citibank)和渣打银行(Standard Chartered)等11家银行，这些银行被怀疑在制定范围广泛的消费金融产品收费时相互串通。

More than half the banks visited by the commission confirmed that antitrust officials sought to review documents relating to pricing structures for products including loans and fund transfers.

超过半数接受该委员会调查的银行证实，反垄断官员试图审查与金融产品定价结构有关的档案，相关金融产品包括贷款和资金转账在内。

“Three people came to investigate the fees and commissions we charge,” said one bank. “They said they were looking into whether Korean banks are violating FTC regulations.”

“有三人前来调查我们收取的费用和佣金。”某银行称。“他们说，正在对韩国的银行是否违反公平交易委员会法规进行调查。”

注释：

swoop vi.突然袭击

collude vi.串通

antitrust adj.反垄断的

commission n.佣金

violate vt.违犯

Dexia enters Turkey with $2.44bn stake in Denizbank

欧洲德夏银行挺进土耳其金融业

Dexia yesterday became the latest European bank to expand into Turkey when it bought 75 per cent of Turkish lender Denizbank for $2.44bn.

德夏银行(Dexia) 昨日以24.4亿美元购入土耳其Denizbank银行75%的股份，从而成为最新一家扩张进入土耳其的欧洲银行。

Franco-Belgian Dexia, the world’s biggest municipal lender, will gain an important foothold in the expanding Turkish retail banking and public finance markets as a result of the acquisition, analysts said.

分析人士指出，通过此次收购，德夏银行将在不断扩展的土耳其零售银行及公共金融市场中获得重要的立足点。法国与比利时合资的德夏银行是全球最大的城市银行。

Shares in Denizbank jumped 20.8 per cent to TL14.5 in Istanbul, while Dexia’s fell 1.8 per cent to €19.16 in Brussels.

在伊斯坦布尔交易中，Denizbank股票大涨20.8%，至14.5里拉；而在布鲁塞尔，德夏银行股票则下跌1.8%，至19.16欧元。

注释：

municipal adj.市立的

UNIT 20

1,000 places to go before you die

Memorial Day traditionally marks the start of the summer vacation season in the United States. A lot of American travelers may be setting off with a renewed sense of purpose this year, thanks to a best-selling book with a lofty goal. Patricia Schultz is the author of 1,000 Places to See Before You Die, which profiles a lifetime's worth of travel destinations around the world: everything from the Great Wall of China to a hot air balloon safari in Kenya to a drive-in hot dog restaurant in Chicago. The book has been a U.S. best seller since it was first released by Workman Publishing Company in 2003, and with publication rights sold in some 20 other countries, it is also climbing best seller lists elsewhere in the world.

Patricia Schultz says her book grew out of her life-long passion for travel. She created a few hours of panic as a four year old, when she wandered away from a family beach vacation, and she has been roaming the world ever since. But if 1,000 Places to See Before You Die began as a labor of love, even the author was not prepared for the publishing sensation it would become. "In honesty, in the beginning if I sold a couple hundred copies I would have been elated," the author says. "That we would have two million buying this book to anxiously see where they should go next, that has amazed me."

 "The very concept of travel I think is timeless, ageless. One of the most beautiful quotes I use now and then is from St. Augustine, and it was over a thousand years ago, and he said, 'Life is like a book, and he or she who does not travel reads just one page.'"

"How did you get the idea for your book?"

"I've been writing travel guides since the 80s,so in my own head, I had been growing more seamless towards these places I've been to. As a travel writer, people are always coming to me and saying, 'I'm going here, what should I see?' Or 'We're thinking of going to Southeast Asia, but what country, or in that country, what city, and in that city, what sites?' So I was always bombarded, and I always had all these answers, and now they're in this book. I did all the homework."

It took Schultz seven years to research and write her book. She estimates she has visited about 80 percent of the sites she describes, but she also read other travel books, talked with tourism boards, and interviewed as many fellow travelers as she could find. She made her selections based on whether they evoke some sense of what she calls "the world's magic, integrity, wonder and legacy." India's Taj Mahal made the list; so, too, did the covered bazaars of Aleppo, Syria; the Moscow subway system; and whale watching on Mexico's Baja Peninsula.

"I think that the book shows it does not mean to be extravagant and over the top. There are a lot of places around the world, places you've never heard of, but there are just as many that are here in our back yards or that are doable. You don't need to break the bank, and you don't need a month to do it."

Susan Bolotin, Editor-in-chief of Workman Publishing, suggests a range of other reasons for the book's ongoing popularity. "I think it's the scope, and the really daring title, which is to acknowledge that we do all die someday, but there is a lot of stuff you want to get in before that happens. And if you are already a traveler, and if you are someone who likes to keep track of things, there is this pleasure in this feel of interactivity."

"I would also want to say that people are also responding to the fact that the book is so well written. Rather than being just a travel guide, this is really a travel book, so you can take it in your own armchair and enjoy reading about places you know you may never get to."

While Patricia Schultz and her editors worked together to make sure the entries reflected a balanced view of the world's great travel destinations, Susan Bolitan acknowledges there has been inevitable reader disagreement about the choices. Harder to argue with, however, are the author's assertions that visitors should never forget they are guests in another place--and that travel is not just what they see, but how they see it.

"I think you need to go with a real sense of curiosity and with certain expectations, or you wouldn't be making the trip happen in the first place, but leaving your mind and yourself open to serendipity, because it's the best tour guide in the end of it all." Schultz says. "You don't want to be too rigid and restricted in these packaged tours where every moment is accounted for. You want to get out there and wander and not just physically, but to leave yourself open to different experiences, which often times are the ones that stay with you for life."

As for her own most memorable experiences while researching the book, Patricia Schultz says she had a thousand of them. "I can remember in Italy the fellow who took a day off from work just so I could see Tuscany as he knew it to be. I remember we got lost once outside of Malaga in the countryside of southern Spain, and--were we crazy to get in some stranger's car? Maybe, but he showed us tapas bars and flamenco singing and 1,000-year-old caves that we never would have known had we not relied upon the kindness of strangers. I got ill once with typhoid in Africa, and it was one of the most positive experiences of my life, once I understood I wasn't going to die."

 "It's all just one magnificent travel experience waiting to happen, and it's the individual traveler I think who will determine how."

1,000 Places to See Before You Die continues to generate new lists. Next year, Workman is planning to publish a guide to a thousand places in the United States and Canada, also by Patricia Schultz. And the original book is inspiring a reality TV program, in which travelers set out to experience first-hand a sampling of those 1,000 landmarks, adventures and scenic wonders.

翻译句子
________________________________________________________

A lot of American travelers may be setting off with a renewed sense of purpose this year, thanks to a best-selling book with a lofty goal.

今年，大部分美国旅行者也许都怀着崭新的旅行目标踏上旅途，这完全应该归功于一本带有高尚目标的畅销书籍。

Deadline set for tariff and subsidy deal
WTO设定达成关税和补贴协议最后期限

Pascal Lamy, director- general of the World Trade Organisation, set an end- of-June deadline yesterday for a deal to cut farm sub-sidies and tariffs on agricultural and industrial goods, warning that global trade talks were running out of time.
世界贸易组织(WTO)总干事帕斯卡•拉米(Pascal Lamy)昨日将达成农业补贴和工农业产品关税削减协议的最后期限定在6月底。他警告，全球贸易谈判的时间已所剩不多。

Up to 40 trade ministers are expected to join the negotiations in Geneva in the last week of June, in a final attempt to wrap up an accord seen as the core of the Doha global trade round launched in 2001.
在6月最后一周，预计将有多达40位贸易部长参加在日内瓦的谈判，为就全球贸易谈判的核心问题达成协议作最后努力。多哈(Doha)回合谈判是在2001年启动的。

The repeated failure of WTO members to agree an interim pact setting detailed guidelines for reducing tariffs and subsidies has held up progress in all other areas of the round, ranging from services to simpler customs procedures.
世贸组织成员国始终未能就削减关税和补贴的细则达成临时协议，阻碍了此轮谈判的进展。这轮谈判涉及服务以及简化海关手续等其它所有领域。

However, there is general agreement that the talks must conclude this year so that the US Congress can ratify the final Doha package before US negotiating authority expires in mid-2007.
不过，世贸组织成员国已达成共识，多哈谈判必须在今年底之前结束，这样美国国会才能在美国贸易谈判权2007年年中失效前，认可多哈回合谈判的最终一揽子协议。

Mr Lamy told envoys to the WTO that the tariff and subsidy guidelines had to be agreed in June to leave time in July for other key negotiations, such as on services liberalisation and special treatment for developing countries.
拉米告诉各成员国驻世贸组织的特使称，必须在6月份就关税和补贴方针达成一致，以便留出时间在7月份就其它关键问题展开谈判，如发展中国家的服务自由化和特殊待遇等。

The rest of the year is needed to finalise the complete Doha treaty, including drawing up detailed tariff and services schedules for all 149 WTO members.
今年年底前，需要敲定完整的多哈回合贸易协议，包括为世贸组织所有149个成员国起草具体的关税和服务时间表。

Trade officials said yesterday that the timetable for the so-called “modalities” pact was “tight but do-able”. The chairmen of the negotiating groups on agriculture and industrial goods have been asked to produce draft texts on or around June 19.
贸易官员昨日表示，为达成所谓的“形式主义”协定而拟定的时间表“虽紧张，但可行”。世贸组织已要求各工农业产品谈判团体的主席，在6月19日前后递交计划草案。

Despite intensive negotiations in Geneva over the past few weeks, progress has been glacial since an earlier end-April target for reaching an accord was missed.
尽管世贸组织成员国过去数周在日内瓦展开了紧锣密鼓的谈判，但由于先前制定的在4月底达成共识的目标未能实现，谈判进展一直如冰山般缓慢。

注释：

tariff n.关税

subsidy n.补助金

wrap up 结束

interim adj.临时的

ratify vt.认可

envoy n.特使

glacial adj.冰状的